重庆金佛山中华蜜蜂高产低耗新品系选育研究

Breeding and selection of low cost and high yielding species of Apis cerana cerana from Jinfo Mountain in Chongqing

为了培育具有高产低耗的中华蜜蜂新品系,试验选择金佛山不同海拔地区的中华蜜蜂,从中选择具有良好经济性状的蜂群作为基础群(P),并分别培育蜂王和雄蜂,采用空间隔离和时间隔离的方法对选育素材进行定向选育。结果表明:选育各代次的生产力明显高于基础群,F1代、F2代在产蜜量上与基础群相比分别增长12.60%、38.89%,基础群和各代次产蜜量相比差异显著(P<0.05)。F1代、F2代平均日耗蜜量与基础群相比分别降低14.28%、17.86%,并且各代次和基础群越冬饲料消耗量相比差异显著(P<0.05)。选育后的蜂群生产力明显提高,表现出极强的生产力和群势维持能力。

To cultivate a new line of Apis cerana cerana with low cost and high yield, the breeding materials of Apis cerana cerana were selected from different altitude regions in Jinfo Mountain, from which to select the bee populations with good economic charactbrs as base populations （ P）, and were used to breed the queen bee and the drones. Meanwhile, the methods of spatial isolation and temporal isolation were used for directive breeding in the materials. The results showed that the productivity of the breeding generations was significantly higher than that of the base populations. The honey productions of F1 and F2 generations were increased by 12.6% and 38.89% compared with the base generations, respectively; there were significant differences in the honey production between the base populations and each generation （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The overwintering feed consumptions of F1 and F2 generations were decreased by 14.28% and 17.86% compared with the base generations, respec- tively ; there were significant differences in overwintering feed consumption between the base populations and each generation （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The results indicate that the birth rate of the bee populations is significantly increased after breeding, showing strong birthing capacity and maintenance ability in the population.