基于GIS的松花江沿岸某区浅层地下水污染特征及人群暴露风险评价

The pollution characteristics and the crowd exposure risk assessment of shallow groundwater in an area of the Songhua river basin based on the GIS

对松花江流域吉林段某区浅层地下水进行采样监测,并筛选流域特征污染物包括有机污染物:芴、蒽、八氯联苯、芘、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚(1,2,3-cd)芘、四氯联苯、五氯联苯、硝基苯、α-六氯环己烷、β-六氯环己烷、γ-六氯环己烷、七氯、p,p'-DDD、O,O-二甲基-O-2,2-二氯乙烯磷酸酯,重金属污染物:Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg,共21种,采用US EPA推荐的健康风险评价"四步法",对研究区人群经口途径健康风险进行科学评估.结果表明:∑PCBs、七氯、滴滴涕、O,O-二甲基-O-2,2-二氯乙烯磷酸酯、硝基苯和Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb均未超出相关标准.∑PAHs低于报道的∑PAHs水平,芴浓度最高,六氯环己烷总量超标;研究区地下水污染物成人经口暴露总剂量为2.79×10-4mg/(kg d),儿童为5.34×10-5mg/(kg d),成人经口暴露剂量是儿童的5.23倍.成人和儿童经口暴露剂量中Cr的贡献率均最高分别为46.67%、42.82%,其次是β-六氯环己烷分别为27.29%、25.15%;采用Arcgis 9.3软件的插值运算功能,估算流域成人和儿童的健康风险,生成健康风险图,可以从地域上发现,流域人群非致癌风险由北向南呈现递减趋势,松花江两岸非致癌风险波动不大,上游风险大于下游风险;人群致癌风险总体趋势不明显.人群致癌风险高于非致癌风险,成人健康风险水平均高于USEPA推荐的最大可接受风险水平1.0×10-4,儿童健康风险水平仅小部分区域高于1.0×10-4.

Abstract： Laboratory analyzed the pollution of the shallow groundwater in an area of S onghua river basin of Jilin section and screening basin characteristics pollutants including organic pollutants： fluorene, anthracene, octachlorobiphenyl, pyrene, benzene and （b） fluoranthene, benzene and （k） fluoranthene, benzo （a） pyrene, indene （1,2,3-cd） pyrene, tetrachlorobiphenyl, pentachlorobiphenyl, nitrobenzene, α-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane 、γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, heptachlor, p,p＇-DDD, dichlorvos, heavy metal pollutants： Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, a total number of 21. Using US EPA recommended four-step health risk assessment scientifically evaluated Songhua river basin residents by the oral way PAEs health risks. The results showed that the research area groundwater pollutants adult oral exposure to a total dose of 2.79×10^-4, the children＇s of 5.34 ×10^-5, adult oral exposure dose was 5.23times that of children. Adults and children exposed to oral dose in Cr highest contribution rates were 46.67% and 42.82%, the β-hexachlorocyclohexane followed by were 27.29% and 25.15%. Using the interpolation operation function of Arcgis 9.3software estimate the basin adults and children＇s health risk and generating health risk map. A decreasing trend could be found in the non-carcinogenic risk from north to south basin crowd, on both sides of the Songhua fiver was not carcinogenic risk fluctuation was not big, the upstream risk was greater than the downstream; The risk of cancer overall trend was not obvious. Crowd cancer risk was higher than non-cancer risk, adult health risk of water higher than the average US EPA recommended maximum acceptable level of 1.0×10^-4, children＇s health risk level only small area higher than 1.0×10^-4.