美国南北战争的宪法纠葛

The Entanglement of Constitution around American Civil War

围绕美国南北战争的宪法纠葛,涉及的一个基本问题是,自愿加入联邦的各州,还有没有自愿退出的"自由"。在19世纪60年代,这已经不是一个宪法或者学术问题,而是这个国家能否真正融为一体而不致分裂的现实问题。最终林肯用战争制止了分裂,并用行动宣布了一条新的原则:各州的主权属于联邦,它们没有任意退出的"自由"。正是这一新的原则,保证了美国的统一并使其成为世界超级强国。

The constitutional disputes around the American Civil War,involving a basic problem,that is if the states which joined the federation voluntarily,still have ＂ freedom＂ to opt-out.In the 1860s,this was not constitutional or academic problems,it was a question of reality,concerning the unify or split the country.Finally,the American President Lincoln restrained division with War,and announced a new rule with action： the sovereignty of the states belong to federation,they has no ＂freedom＂ to opt-out.It is the principle guarantees the unification of United States,and makes it become the world＇s superpower.