近代东亚糖业格局的变动(1895—1937)——以中日糖业发展竞争为中心

The Change of Sugar Pattern in Modern Eastern Asia(1895-1937):Centers on the Development and Competition between China and Japan

近代以来,世界糖业处于一个大发展时期:一方面传统蔗糖产地古巴、爪哇等地的甘蔗糖业大发展;另一方面欧洲甜菜糖业崛起。受其影响,东亚的糖业格局也发生了较大的变动:东亚高寒纬度上的甜菜制糖业初步形成并得到一定发展,打破了甘蔗糖业一统东亚的格局;东亚传统甘蔗糖业大国中国正面临着严重的糖业危机,由中国主导的前近代东亚糖业格局解体;1895年以后,日本在殖产兴业的近代化过程中大力发展本国精制糖业,并积极向外开拓市场,迅速发展成为东亚重要的糖业力量;在东亚糖品市场上,日本糖、爪哇糖、英属香港糖及中国糖等四种主要糖品激烈争夺市场份额,其中日本糖及英属香港糖较为强势,逐渐形成了两强主导的东亚糖业新格局。东亚糖业格局的大变动是近代东亚社会经济发展变化的一个重要组成部分,可以从一个侧面加深我们对近代大变局中的东亚的理解。

Since the modern times, world sugar industry was in the huge development stage： on one hand, the sugar cane industry in Cuba and Java hade huge development which led the development trend of world sugar industry; on the other hand, sugar beet industry have grown up. The sugar pattern of eastern Asia had enormously changed： sugar beet industry in eastern Asia had grow up and made a break with the traditional sugar pattern in eastern Asia; China was facing the serious crisis in sugarcane industry and the traditional sugar pattern which was conducted by China has disintegrated; Japanese sugar industry had made a big success because Japan government pushed the development of sugar industry and exploitation of overseas market. Sugar merchants who came form Japan, Java, England （Hong Kong） and China competed in the market of eastern Asia and formed a new sugar pattern which was dominated by the merchants of Japan and England. Not only the change of sugar pattern in modern eastern Asia was a part of movement of eastern Asia social economy, but also it will help us to deep the recognition of eastern Asia.