住院患者医院感染现患率调查分析

Prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients

目的了解医院感染现患率,分析其影响因素,为预防控制医院感染及抗菌药物使用提供依据。方法应用横断面调查2011年病原菌分布、特点和抗菌药物使用状况,采用床旁调查和病历资料两者相结合的方法,对调查资料进行汇总、整理、分析。结果调查住院患者1522例,实际监测率100.00%;发生医院感染72例、例次感染79例;现患率4.73%、例次现患率5.19%;感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占48.10%;共培养出39株病原菌,病原学送检率为47.08%;抗菌药物使用率为41.06%。结论医院感染现患率水平符合卫生部<10.00%的要求,加强临床一线工作人员病原菌送检率及药物敏感试验、危重患者多药耐药菌监测力度,合理使用抗菌药物,防止医院感染的暴发流行。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence rate and analyze the influencing factors of nosocomial infections so as to provide basis for the prevention of nosocomial infections and the use of antibiotics. METHODS By means of the cross-sectional surrvery, the distribution of nosocomial infections, characteristics, and application of antibiotics were investigated. With the bedside investigation combined with the revien of medical records, the data were summerized, classified, and analzyed. RESULTS A total of 1522 cases of hospitalzied patients were investigated, and the actual investigation rate was 100.00% the nosocomial infections occured in 72 patients （79 case-times ） ; the prevalence rate was 4.73%, and the case-time prevalence rate was 5.19% ; the lower respiraotry tract was the main infection site, accounting for 48.10%; totally 39 strains of pathogens were cultured, and the submission rate of etiology was 47. 08%; the utilization rate of antibiotics was 41. 06%. CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of the nosocomial infections in the hospital complies with the requirment of the Ministry of Health （ less than 10. 00%）. It is necessary to raise the submission rate of the pathogens from the frontline staff, carry out the drug susceptibility testing, intensify the monitorng of the multidrug-resistant bacteria in critial and severe patients, and reasonably use antibiotics so as to prevent the prevalence of the nosocomial infections.