松嫩平原高氟地下水化学特征及开发利用模式研究

Hydrochemistry and Model of Development and Utilization of High Fluoride Groundwater in Songnen Plain

嫩平原是一个潜水普遍分布,包括第四系和前第四系承压水在内的多层叠置结构的大型蓄水盆地。受地质、地貌和水文地质条件的影响,各含水层地下水具有不同的化学特征。广泛分布的第四系潜水,原生环境较差,易受人为污染,且在松嫩低平原的中部氟含量超标严重,易引发氟中毒,不适宜饮用。第四系承压水主要分布于松嫩中部低平原和东部高平原区,低平原区第四系承压水受原生环境影响,氟含量较高,不适宜饮用;高平原区第四系承压水水质较好,氟含量较低,适宜饮用,分布范围有限。前第四系承压水主要分布于除西部山前倾斜平原之外的广大地区,水质较好,氟含量满足饮用水要求,但水量变化较大;分布于低平原之下的新近系大安组、古近系依安组水量丰富,但埋深较大,补给条件差,虽然适宜饮用,但要控制开采;东部高平原之下分布的白垩系含水层组,水质较好,氟含量较低,适宜饮用,但分布不均,所以要科学开发。提出了松嫩平原地下水科学合理的开发利用模式,为政府决策提供依据。

Songnen Plain is a large water storage basin of a multi-layer stacked structure including widespread distribution of phreatic and quaternary and former quaternary confined water.Each aquifer groundwater has different kinds of hydrochemistry that is affected by geological,geomorphological and hydrogeological conditions.Quaternary phreatic widely distributed is poor,vulnerable to artificially pollution,in which fluoride is higher than the standard in the center of Songnen Plains,easily causing fluorosis to be unsuitable for drinking.Quaternary confined water is mainly distributed in the central part of low plains and eastern high plains in Songnen Plain,in which fluorine is higher,not suitable for drinking in low plain areas,suitable for drinking in high plain areas,influenced by the local environment.Former quaternary confined water mainly distributed in vast areas outside the western piedmont sloping plain,water quality is better,and fluorine meets the drinking water requirements,but the amount of water changes a lot.Neogene Daan group and Paleogene Yian group confined water is abundant.Supply condition is poor,that is suitable for drinking,but controlling exploitation in low plains.Cretaceous aquifer group,which has better water quality,lower fluorine in high plain is suitable for drinking,but distribution is uneven to scientific development.It is proposed that scientific and rational development and utilization model of groundwater in Songnen Plain,lays a foundation for government decision-making.