宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄滴灌灌溉水肥一体化技术研究

A Study of the Technology of the Drip Fertigation of Wine Grape in the East-foot of Ningxia Helan Mountain

以宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄为研究对象,分析在滴灌和沟灌条件下,不同灌溉量与施肥量对葡萄品质和生物特性以及土壤水分入渗特性的影响。研究表明:宁夏贺兰山东麓地区的沙土土质种植区滴灌更加有利于葡萄对水分和养分的利用,且灌溉水主要集中在40cm×40cm土体内,对于干旱区酿酒葡萄产量与品质,水分影响的程度更大;由于滴灌灌溉更有利于土壤盐分积累在葡萄根层范围内,应注意防止滴灌时的土壤次生盐渍化的发生;相对于沟灌条件下,滴灌更有助于葡萄品质与产量的提高;葡萄生育期滴灌灌溉量在4 500m3/hm2时,产量和品质相对较好;考虑水资源缺乏时,可以选择4 050m3/hm2。

The wine grape in the eastern part of the foot of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia is used as a subject to analyze the effect of different irrigation amounts and fertilization amounts of drip irrigation and furrow irrigation on the yield and biological characteristics of wine grapes and the variation of soil water infiltration characteristics is analyzed.The results show that the drip irrigation can be more conducive to grapes＇absorbing the water and nutrient utilization in the east-foot area of the Helan Mountains and the irrigation water mainly concentrated in 40cm×40cm soil body.Because the drip irrigation was conducive to what the salt accumulating in the soil layer of root,should pay attention to prevent the soil secondary salinization with the drip irrigation.The irrigation water plays a key role in the growth of wine grape in arid areas.The fitting irrigation water amount is 4 500m3/hm2 in the eastern part of the foot of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia,but the irrigation amount can be decreased by 4 050m3/hm2 when there is a shortage of water resources.