大脑幸福机理与完善论幸福观

The Cerebral Mechanism of Happiness and the Eudemonism of Perfectionism

人类幸福观的发展历史表明,哲学的完善论幸福观起源于早期的哲学思考,成熟于心理学实验,完善于当代神经科学的研究。心理学研究揭示了幸福的心理机制,神经科学则揭示了幸福的生理机制,这促使我们从根本上认识人性、快乐与幸福的本质。人类大脑的进化本质上是通过认知和习得改变大脑的神经结构并进而改变遗传基因编码;而人类漫长的认知和习得过程,正是理性和德性积累的过程。因此,天性趋乐避苦的人类,其幸福感固然是一种主观感受,也必然是理性和德性的反映,而且这种理性和德性的成分并非完全取决于后天习得,也来自先天的遗传。心理学和神经科学的幸福机理研究为哲学关于幸福的思辨奠定了科学基础,同时也解决了道德哲学理性思辨的困境。

The history of the conception of happiness tells us that the eudemonism of perfectionism originated from early philosophic speculation, became mature when the psychological experiment was established and is comparatively perfect with modern study of neuroscience. Psychology explains the mental mechanism of happiness, while neuroscience explains its physiological mechanism. This renders us able to discover the essence of humanity, happiness and eudemonia. Contemporary research on neuroscience has revealed that the advance of man's brain is actually a procedure of changing the neural form through sustaining studying process, which leads people to gain senses and virtues. As the urge to seek for happiness and avoid bitterness is driven by his nature, happiness for man has been a subjective motion with deflections by acquired virtues and intellect which people get both by acquiring and by inheriting. The research of psychology and neuroscience on the mechanism of happiness has formed the scientific base for philosophical speculation on happiness, and has also solved the problem of the rational speculation in moral philosophy.