从今晋南、关中一带汉语方言看宋西北方音通摄阳声韵的层次

Determining the Levels of the Yang Sheng(阳声) Rhythms in Tong Group(通摄) of the Northwest dialects in Song dynasty by observing Jinnan and Guanzhong Dialects

宋西北方音通摄阳声韵字与西夏字对音中存在三类情况:(1)与深摄、臻摄、曾摄字交叉,(2)与遇摄字交叉,(3)与宕摄、果摄字交叉。第一类情况,专家们已做了充分论证。第二类和第三类情况,专家们则认为是个别例外或权变替代。今晋南、关中方言通摄阳声韵字白读也存在三类情况:(1)白读与深、臻摄合流,(2)白读与遇摄合流,(3)白读与果摄合流,并且其音值恰恰与对音西夏字的梵文、藏文对音一致。由此我们推测:宋西北方音通摄阳声韵字白读层共时平面上可能同时并存着[(?)n]类、[u]类和[o]类三个音类层次。

Three patterns of parallelism are observed between the Yang Sheng rhythm in Tong group of the Northwest dialects in Song dynasty and the characters in Tangut.Specifically,the rhythms overlap with:(1) the characters in Shen(深),Zhen(臻),and Zeng(曾) groups;(2) the characters in Yu group;and(3) the characters in Dang and Guo groups.The first pattern of parallelism has been studied adequately,whereas the latter two patterns are believed by experts to be mere exceptions or temporary replacement.Interestingly,as a correspondence,three kinds of colloquial pronunciations of characters exist in Yang Sheng rhythms of Tong group in Southern Shanxi(Jinnan) dialects and the central Shaanxi plain(guanzhong) dialects,i.e.the convergence of the rhythms with(1) Shen and Zhen group,(2) Yu(遇) group,and with(3) Guo(果) group.And these pronunciations coincide well with Sanskrit and Tibetan in Tangut.The paper,therefore,infers that the colloquial pronunciations of the Yang Sheng rhythm in Tong group of the Northwest dialects in Song dynasty may simultaneously have[(?)],[u]and[o]at three levels.