“新农保”改变了中国农村居民的养老模式吗?

Does the New Rural Pension Scheme Remold the Eldercare Patterns in Rural China?

2009年国家开始试点新型农村社会养老保险,以解决我国农村的养老问题。然而新农保是否达到了预期效果,还有待评估和验证。本文利用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)2008—2011年两期面板数据,使用倾向分值匹配基础上的差分内差分方法(PSMDD),评估了新农保对农村居民养老模式的影响。结果发现,新农保提高了参保老人的经济独立性,降低了老人在经济来源和照料方面对子女的依赖,参保老人对社会正式照料的需求有所增加;同时,提高了参保老人在居住意愿和实际居住安排上与子女分开居住的可能性。因此尽管新农保的实施期限不长,但已对我国农村传统的养老模式产生了重要影响。

This paper investigates the influence of China＇ s New Rural Pension Scheme （NRPS） on the eldercare patterns in rural China. Using panel data from 2005 and 2008 waves of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey （CLHLS） , we adopt an empirical strategy that combines propensity score matching with difference-in-differences approach to correct the potential selection bias. It shows that enrollees were more likely to live independently rather than co-reside with their adult children. And enrollees became less dependent on children in terms of financial resource and informal care. We also find that participation in NRPS increases the utilization of the formal care among enrollees. Hence, although the adult children continue to be the most important source of the elderly care and financial support, NRPS has become an important supplement to the traditional eldercare patterns in rural China.