中国玉米价格竞争力缺失的形成机制与政策

The Mechanisms and Policies of Corn Pricing Competitiveness Deficiency in China

针对中国玉米价格竞争力缺失问题和进口量急速上升现象,本文比较了中国和美国玉米价格链构成与变化趋势,分析了影响玉米价格的主要因素,研究了中国玉米价格竞争力缺失的形成机制及深层次的体制原因。中国玉米种植规模化程度较低,土地与劳动力成本上升过快,种子、化肥与农药等产业组织结构、进口及销售体制不合理,农业补贴机制不完善等多种因素的共同作用导致了中国玉米价格竞争力缺失。从完善种子研发创新体制、农地经营模式、产业组织形式、农业补贴机制、规制和反垄断执法等方面提出了政策思路。

In view of China corn,pricing competitiveness deficiency and sharp increase of corn import phenomenon,this article relatively analyzed the price chain and change trend between China and America's corn.This article studies the major systematic causes and formation mechanism resulting in Chinese corn pricing competitiveness deficiency.The research shows that multiple factors leads to China corn pricing competitiveness deficiency which are as follows: the scale economy of corn production is lacking,land and labor costs increased substantially,the potassium fertilizer which is imported has monopolistic power,the industrial organization structure of seeds,fertilizers,pesticides,import of corn is unreasonable.Then,we put forward the policy ideas about research and innovation system from perfect seeds,agricultural business model,industrial organization,agricultural subsidy mechanism,regulation and antitrust enforcement and other aspects.