普职一体的双体系职业技术教育模式——巴西的经验

Double-system of Vocational and Technical Education:Brazil's Revelation

与中国同为"金砖国家"的南美大国巴西,近年来经济发展表现格外靓丽。在推动巴西经济长期稳定发展的众多因素中,职业技术教育的作用功不可没。巴西职业技术教育经历了几个阶段的发展与演变,最终发展成为普通教育和职业教育的完美融合、学校教育与校外培训两个体系并行并重的现代职业技术教育模式。近年来,巴西政府进一步加大对职业教育的投入与支持,其普职一体化的发展思路,教学与实训并重的校企合作的办学模式,以就业为导向、紧贴劳动力市场需求等做法,可为未来我国职业技术教育改革提供一定的借鉴。

Among many factors promoting rapid economic development in Brazil,the development of vocational and technical education is considered to be the most fundamental one. Oriented by the needs of the market and the development of industrialization, the vocational and technical education there has experienced several stages of evolution, and eventually developed into an education system that complements in-school vocational and technical education with out-school technical education. In recent years, the Brazilian government has increased investment in and support to technical education. The idea of integrating the two, the mode of school-enterprise cooperation and the market oriented practices may provide positive references for the reform of technical education in China.