关于宋代湖南农业经济发展的几个问题

Several Problems about the Agricultural Economic Development in Hunan during Song Dynasty

宋代是湖南农业经济重要的发展阶段。不晚于12世纪中叶,洞庭湖区兴起了垸田,扩大了耕地面积;这一时期,湖南地区尤其是环洞庭湖区兴修了大量规模不等的水利工程,为农业的发展提供了保障;生产工具有较大的进步,牛耕进一步扩大并向少数民族地区推广,翻车、筒车等农业工具得以普遍推广。自宋代开始,湖南已成为全国的重要产粮基地之一。与全国发达经济区相比较,仍然存在较大的差距,处于中等水平。

The Song Dynasty was an important stage of development of agricultural economy in Hunan. No later than the middle of the twelfth Century, the Wantian rose in Dongting Lake area and the areas of cultivated land were expanded; During this period, in Hunan especiaUy in Dongting lake region large scale water conservancy project were built and they provided support for the development of agriculture. Production tools were impioved greatly the cow-ploughing further expanded and was spread to the minority areas. Fanche, Tongche and other agricultural tools had been widely used. Since the Song Dynasty, Hunan has become one of the important grain-producing bases in China. But Compared with the developed economic areas throughout the country, Hunan still had a large gap, merely in the middle level.