中国主要苹果种质抗褐斑病评价

Evaluation of the Resistance of Apple Cultivars to Marssonina coronaria

对当前生产上使用的苹果主要种质资源、品种的抗褐斑病性进行鉴定和评价,以期了解中国苹果种质资源的抗褐斑病特点。通过离体叶片室内接种试验结合田间品种圃自然发病情况调查,对85个苹果品种进行系统抗褐斑病鉴定。结果表明:供试的所有品种都能感染褐斑病菌,没有发现免疫品种,且感病品种占供试品种的62.4%;其中,高抗品种包括延光、延风、珊夏、倭锦、早捷、东光、欢喜7个品种,占供试品种的8.2%;中抗品种包括金光、金冠、嘎啦、昌红、燕山红、华红、晨阳等25个品种,占供试品种的29.4%;中感品种包括富士、粉红女士、长富1号、华美等36个品种,占供试品种的42.4%;高感品种有红玉、安娜、贵富、美国8号、金世纪等17个品种,占供试品种的20%。一些种植面积大、品质好的品种如富士属于感病品种,因此在褐斑病的防治中,除选用一定量的抗病品种,注意品种合理搭配外,还需要适时进行化学防治,才能取得较好的控制效果。

Eighty-five apple cultivars were analyzed to evaluate their resistance to Marssonina coronariathrough artificial inoculation in vitro.The results showed that only 7（8.2%）cultivars（Yanguang,Yanfeng,Shanxia,Wojin,Zaojie,Dongguang and Huanxi）were rated as resistant,25（29.4%,Jinguang,Jinguan and Chenyang,etc）cultivars as moderately resistant,36（42.4%,Fuji,Hongyu,Pink ladies,etc）cultivars as moderately susceptible,and 17（20%,Hongyu,Anna,Jinshiji,etc）as highly susceptible.No material tested was immune to M.coronariaand 62.4%cultivars were susceptible.All the commercial cultivars were highly susceptible.The research suggested that farmers should pay attention to both the application of resistant sources of current apple cultivars and chemical control in time in the management of Marssoninaleaf blotch in apple.