葡萄树体生长动态与根系分布研究

The Dynamics of Biomass and Roots Distribution in Grape Tree

选取陕西省扶风县新集村7a树龄的葡萄园为试验果园,在不同生育阶段对红地球葡萄树进行刨根、肢解,以测定其各器官生物量、养分含量及累积量的变化。结果显示,该葡萄园年生物量增加12 369kg/hm2。其中枝条(除新梢外其他枝条)与主干生物量增加2 481和1 939kg/hm2,占生物量总累积的19%和15%。新生器官即叶、果实、新梢生物量分别为2 357、4 866、6 118kg/hm2,新梢旺长期之后,新生器官生物量累积迅速。根系生物量在主要生长期内变化不大,于2 302～4 132kg/hm2范围内波动,但总体呈增加趋势,生物量净增加1 830kg/hm2,占整株的14.8%。葡萄根系不同时期在土壤中的分布情况变化不大,主要分布在0～40cm的土层,占总根量的86.7%。随着土层深度的增加,葡萄树根量减少。40～60cm的根量占7.4%,60～80cm的根量只有3.6%,80～100cm土层中仅为2.3%。5月10日至6月30日为0～20cm根系的一次生长高峰。

To find out the nitrogen absorption,utilization and accumulation in grape tree,and to provide a reasonable fertilizer rate and application periods,field experiments were conducted in Fufeng county,Shaanxi Province for analyzing yearly biomass,nitrogen content and its accumulation at different parts of grape trees（Red globe）which are cultivated about 7years.The results showed that biomass increment of stem,trunk,leaves,fruits and new shoots were 2 481kg/hm2,1 939kg/hm2,2 357kg/hm2,4 866kg/hm2,and 6 118kg/hm2,respectively.Biomass of plant and the parts above ground increased quickly from June 30to August 20.In the main growing period,biomass of roots fluctuated between 2 302-4 132kg/hm2,net increase was 1 830kg/hm2,about 14.8%of gross.The biomass of whole plant increased 12 369kg/hm2.About 86.7%roots distributed in the 0-40cm soil depth,the deep of soil the less of roots.Roots in 40-60cm soil depth accounted for 7.4% of the whole roots,60-80cm only 3.6%,and 80-100cm just 2.3%.Biomass of roots in 0-20cm soil depth developed more quickly from May 10to June 30.