贺兰山东麓风沙土酿酒葡萄钾肥效应

Effect of Potassium Application Rate on Wine Grape in Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain

通过大田试验和室内分析,研究宁夏贺兰山东麓不同施钾量对风沙土3a生酿酒葡萄生长发育与产量、品质的影响及施钾肥的经济效益。结果表明,在施足基肥的基础上,酿酒葡萄叶片中叶绿素含量和新梢长随着施钾量的增加而增加;而百叶鲜、干质量在施钾量为150kg.hm-2时表现最显著,比不施钾肥(CK)增加28.6%、50.0%;施钾量显著影响叶片和叶柄中养分含量,叶片和叶柄中全氮含量与施钾量同步变化,全磷含量比较稳定,叶片、叶柄全钾含量在施钾量为150kg.hm-2时最高,比CK分别增加119.7%、102.6%。随着施钾量的增加酿酒葡萄增产效果明显,施钾量为75、150、225、300、450kg.hm-2时分别比CK增产339.61%、433.44%、246.75%、220.78%和82.14%;不同施钾量显著提高果实维生素C含量,分别比CK增加13.6%、113.6%、108.6%、298.4%和281.9%;可溶性糖含量也分别比CK增加99.2%、118.5%、52.2%、32.7%和9.4%,同时降低果实总酸度。经肥效方程计算得出风沙土3a生酿酒葡萄最高产量施钾量为208.75kg.hm-2,最佳经济效益时的施钾量为193.13kg.hm-2。

A field experiment combined with lab analysis was conducted to study the effect of potassium application amount on the growth,as well as on yield and quality of 3years old wine grape in a sandy soil at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain of Ningxia.The results were shown that wine grape leaf chlorophyll content and shoots growth were increased with the increase of the amount of potassium,on the basis of the application of enough base fertilizer;while venetian fresh and dry mass at the potassium content of 150kg·hm^-2 showed the most significant,28.6% and 50.0% higher than no fertilizer;the amount of potassium significant impact blade and petiole nutrient content,the total nitrogen content of the applied amount synchronous changed in the leaf blade and petiole,total phosphorus content was relatively stable,highest total potassium content in potassium application rate 150 kg·hm^-2,respectively have an increase of 119.7%,102.6%than no fertilizer treatment.With the increase in the amount of potassium significantly effect on wine grapes,applied to 75,150,225,300,450kg·hm^-2,Respectively,than non-potassium fertilizer to yield 339.61%,433.44%,246.75%,220.78%and 82.14%.The amount of potassium increased fruit vitamin C content,respectively have an increase of 13.6%,113.6%,108.6%,298.4%,281.9%than no fertilizer treatment;soluble sugar content significantly also increased 99.2%,118.5%,52.2%,32.7%,9.4%;and reduce the total acidity of the fruit.From the fertilizer efficiency equation,we can got the maximum application rate of potassium for the 3years wine grape is 208.75kg·hm^-2.The optimum application amount of potassium is 193.13kg·hm^-2.