城乡儿童心理理论发展比较

Comparison of Urban and Rural Children’s Theory of Mind Development

目的:研究城市和农村儿童心理理论各成分发展的差异。方法 :采用6个经典信念理解任务,简单愿望推理、愿望形成和冲突愿望理解任务,以及情绪命名、识别、观点采择和原因解释任务考察55名3-6岁城乡儿童信念、愿望和情绪理解的发展状况。结果:①城市和农村儿童信念理解的发展顺序大致相同,仅在个别任务上存在差异。②两组儿童在愿望理解的发展上不存在差异。③城市儿童在各个水平的情绪理解任务上的表现均优于农村同龄人,这种差异在控制了语言能力后依然存在。④语言能力与信念和情绪理解间存在显著相关,而与愿望理解任务间的相关不显著。结论:心理理论的几种基本成分间可能存在一定程度的分化,家庭背景对它们产生的影响不同步。

Objective： To investigate the developmental difference of Theory of Mind in urban and rural children aged from 3-6. Methods： 55 urban and rural children were tested by a series of belief, desire and emotion understanding tasks. Results： The developmental sequence of belief understanding of urban and rural children were almost identical, only differed in individual task. （~）The study revealed no significant differences among the two groups in mastery of desire un- derstanding. （~）Urban children scored higher in every task of emotion understanding despite the influence of language a- bility. Language ability was correlated with both belief and emotion understanding, no such significance was found in desire understanding. Conclusion： Belief, desire and emotion understanding may be distinct aspects of theory of mind in young children, and family background has divided impact on them.