补贴方式与均衡发展:战略性新兴产业成长与传统产业调整

Subsidies and Balanced Development:Growth of Strategic Emerging Industries and Adjustment of Traditional Industries

在一般均衡的框架下,本文使用特定要素模型从宏观角度研究了政府不同的补贴方式对于新兴产业和传统产业发展的影响。结果表明,当产业间存在着双向的知识溢出时,生产补贴在实现战略性新兴产业短期增长的同时,会对传统产业造成冲击,并且补贴带来的增长具有不可持续性,从长期来看还会阻碍整体经济的技术进步。另一方面,R&D补贴的效果取决于不同产业中研发活动的知识溢出效应,当研发活动仅对本产业的技术进步有促进作用时,针对该产业的R&D补贴在推动其发展的同时会抑制另一产业;当研发活动对所有产业存在很高的知识溢出效应时,针对该产业的R&D补贴可以实现所有产业的均衡发展。因此,政府对不同产业进行R&D补贴时,要根据战略性新兴产业与传统产业交替的不同发展阶段进行动态调整。

This paper uses a sector-specific model to analyze impacts of different subsidy policies on traditional and emerging industries respectively. We found that production subsidies may lead to short-term and unsustainable development of emerging industries at the cost of negative impact on traditional industries and technology progress of aggregate economy in the long run, when bilateral knowledge spillover exists between different industries. On the other hand, effect of R＆D subsidies depends on characteristics of knowledge spillover. When R＆D activities can only promote technology progress within the industry, industry-specific R＆D subsidies will realize expanding of subsidized industry and shrinking of the other industry. But if R＆D in one industry has strong knowledge spillover in both industries, R＆D subsidies toward this industry will realize balanced growth of overall economy. Therefore, government should dynamically adjust R＆D subsidy scheme according to characteristics of alternating between emerging and traditional industries in different stages of industrial upgrading.