技术创新二元网络组织的理论与经验研究——基于探索与利用跨期耦合的视角

A Theoretical and Empirical Study on Dual Network of Technological Innovation——Based on Inter-temporal Coupling of Exploration and Exploitation

持续的组织绩效根源于短期绩效和长期适应性之间的平衡,从而根源于探索与利用之间的协同。本文首先运用理论并借助于数理模型,分析了探索与利用跨期耦合支持持续组织绩效的机理。然后,以实现探索与利用跨期耦合为视角,将网络结构分为紧密性和稀疏性两种类型,运用理论模型分析表明,紧密网络促进利用性创新却抑制探索性创新,而稀疏网络促进探索性创新却抑制利用性创新。在此基础上,结合国际典型企业实践提出了实现紧密性与稀疏性耦合的静态式和演化式二元网络结构,并分析了二元网络通过支持技术演进、市场演进和组织演进而实现探索与利用跨期耦合的机理。以丰田汽车全球复合型二元网络成功实践为例,示范和验证了二元网络的形成机制、结构特征及耦合机制。最后总结全文得出的实践启示是,为了基于网络实现组织绩效持续发展,主导企业应首先建立高层管理团队的悖论认知框架,进而基于经济和社会双重准则建立二元的经营战略、系统结构及过程,以及与之相平衡的适应性的领导力及组织文化能力发展战略。

Sustained organizational performance is rooted in the balance between short-term performance and long-term adaptability, thus rooted in synergy of exploration and exploitation. By theoretical analysis and mathematic model, this paper first analyzes the mechanism of inter-temporal coupling of exploration and exploitation for sustained organizational performance. And then network structure is classified into cohesive and sparse types from the point of inter-temporal coupling of exploration and exploitation. Theoretical analysis indicates that cohesive network promotes exploitation hut suppresses exploration, and sparse network promotes exploration but suppresses exploitation. On these bases, the static and dynamic structure of dual network is presented according to international typical business practice and also the coupling mechanism between exploration and exploitation in dual network is analyzed on three aspects including technology, market and organizational evolution. By the composite global dual network of Toyota Motor Corporation, this paper demonstrates and tests the formation mechanism, structural features, and coupling mechanism. Finally basing on conclusion the enlightenment for practice is presented. In order to realize sustainable development of organizational capability, leading firms should first build a paradoxical cognition frame in top management teams, and then establish dual business strategy, system structure and processes, as well as the adaptive leadership and organizational culture development strategy.