产业链空间演化与西部承接产业转移的“陷阱”突破

The Spatial Evolution of Industrial Chain and the Breakthrough of Traps for Western Region Undertaking Industrial Transfer

迂回生产方式下,产业发展中的企业为了谋求降低交易费用,获取聚集的知识溢出效应,形成分工合作关系的产业链。产业链的空间演化,体现出从纵向延伸到横向拓展,从区域内到区域外,从"点"到"线"再到"网"的动态特征,有其内在的一般规律性,并具体表现为不同演化形态下的区域内纵向延伸、区域间纵向延伸、区域内横向拓展、区域间横向拓展、产业链网结构五种模式。从现实看,西部地区承接产业转移过程中,由于忽略产业链空间动态演化规律,陷入"只见企业,不见产业"的"企业转移陷阱",无法实现通过承接产业转移提升自我发展能力的目标。遵循产业链空间演化规律,通过"承接集群式转移"、"引进桥梁企业或关键节点企业"等方式实现产业链空间整合,是突破这一"陷阱"的路径选择。

Under the mode of roundabout production, enterprises which in industrial development form the industrial chain of labor division and cooperation to reduce transaction costs, gain the accumulated knowledge spillover effect. The spatial evolution of industrial chain reflects a dynamic characteristic which ranges from the vertical extension to the horizontal expansion, from intra-regional to outside region, from the ＂point＂ to ＂line＂ then to ＂network＂. It has its own inner regularity and can be expressed concretely as five kinds of patterns. They are the vertical extension within the region, the vertical extension between the regions, the horizontal expansion within the region, the horizontal expansion between the regions and the network structure of industry chain. From the perspective of reality, in the process of undertaking the industrial transfer, western region has dropped into the ＂enterprise transfer trap＂--＂only enterprises, no industry＂ due to the neglect of spatial dynamic evolution. As a result, the goal of boosting the ability of self-development cannot be achieved. The best way to break through this ＂trap＂ is to follow the rule of spatial evolution in industrial chain, to integrate the industry chain in space by means of undertaking the transfer in cluster and introducing bridge enterprises or key enterprises.