“五言诗成立于建安”说质疑——兼就五言诗辨体与木斋先生商榷

The Question on the Formation of Five－word Poetry in Jian’an Period——The Discussion on Discrimination of the Form of Five－word Poetry with Mu Zhai

木斋《试论五言诗的成立及其形成的三个时期》《论汉魏五言诗为两种不同的诗体》两文提出了"五言诗成立于建安十六年之后"的观点,实可商榷。五言诗是以二三节奏的五言句为基本句式、隔句押韵的诗体,其体裁样式对风格和格律并无特殊要求,风格可以是"言志",也可以是"穷情写物"。五言诗的成立就是指五言诗样式的确立,即以二三节奏五言为基本句式、隔句押韵的诗体体制的建立,这种确立不依赖于"穷情写物"风格,与大量作品涌现也是两个概念。穷情写物可能是魏晋五言诗的追求,汉魏五言诗的区别是风格区别,不足以构成不同诗体,很难从中得出"汉魏五言诗是两种不同的诗体"的结论;大量作品涌现则是诗体兴盛的标志,建安是五言诗兴盛的时代,很难推定"五言诗确立于建安"。

Mu Zhai proposed that the Five-word Poetry was formed in sixteen years after Jian＇an in his two papers：＂ On the Formation and Three Developing Periods of Five-word Poetry＂and＂ The Five-word Poetry in Han and Wei Dynasties Belong to Two Different Poetic Forms＂.The Five-word Poetry takes two or three rhythms as the basic sentence construction and uses the two separated lines to form the rhyme.The style is not constrained.The formation of Five-word Poetry is the formation of the sentence construction and its rhyme.Five-word Poetry in Wei and Jin is about emotion and scenery.The differences of Five-word Poetry in Han and Wei lie in the style.So the conclusion that Five-word Poetry in Han and Wei belong to two different poetic forms is hard to be drawn.Jian＇an period experienced prosperity of Five-word Poetry,but we can not presume Five-word Poetry formed in Jian＇an.