水稻超高产潜力鉴定重要农艺性状因子分析

Factors Analysis of Important Agronomic Traits of Super High-yielding Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Potential Identification

[目的]研究水稻(Oryza sativa L.)超高产品种的重要农艺性状及其相关性,明确水稻高产机理。[方法]选取有完整观测数据的水稻品种58个(含对照),2011年在云南永胜水稻综合试验站实施了水稻新品种高产潜力鉴定及筛选试验,考察全生育期、茎蘖数、主茎绿叶数、株高、茎高、茎基宽、剑叶高、穗高、穗颈高、伸长节间数、高峰苗、有效穗、成穗率、总粒数、结实率、千粒重、产量等指标。[结果]水稻在超高产条件下,生物产量因子的改进是提高水稻产量的重要手段;将产量分为有效穗与穗重两部分选择较合理,能最大程度地防止变量间的相关影响,还能针对不同时期有所侧重地选择指标,增加可操作性;重视水稻苗期生长势及生物产量选择。[结论]该研究可为水稻超高产育种及栽培提供理论依据。

[ Objective] The aim was to study the important agronomic traits of super high-yielding rice varieties and their correlations, then confirm on rice high-yielding mechanism. [ Method] Fifty eight rice varieties（containing control） with complete observation data were selected to conduct on the new rice varieties high-yielding potential identification and screening test at Yongsheng Rice Comprehensive Experimental Station of Yunnan in 2011, to observe the whole growth period, the number of tillers, green leaf number of key stem, plant height, stem height, stem base width, flag leaf height, ear height, panicle height, elongation internode number, peak seedling number, effective panicle number, earbearing tiller rate, total grain number, fruiting rate, 1000-grain weight, and yield, resp.. [ Result ] Under super high-yielding conditions, improvement of biological yield factor is an important means to improve rice production; it＇s a reasonable choice to divide yield into effective ear and ear weight, which not only prevents the correlation effects among variables in a maximum degree, but also focuses to choose indices according to different growth period, then increases operability; pay attention to rice seedling growth potential and biomass yield choose.[ Conclusion] The study provides a theoretical basis for rice super high-yielding breed and cultivation.