阜新海州露天矿排土场植被恢复对滞尘能力的影响

Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Dust Detention in Fuxian Haizhou Open-pit Mine

采用外业调查、取样和室内试验分析相结合的方法,对阜新矿区排土场、周边矿坑的不同植被模式的滞尘能力进行比较分析。结果表明,在各气候因子中,平均气温、最大风速、降雨量和沙尘暴次数是影响矿区扬沙的主导因子,且最大风速对滞尘量影响极显著。与草地相比,林地防风能力更强,其滞尘能力最大;且林地的林分密度和物种丰富度与滞尘量呈正相关。因此在矿区生态治理中,矿区草地应采用层次造林措施,形成密度适宜的林灌草立体复合生态模式,将对矿区提高滞尘能力及改善空气质量作用明显。

By field investigation, sampling and indoor experiment, comparative analysis was conducted on dust detention of different vegetation modes in Fuxin mine and surrounding. The results showed that among climatic factors, mean temperature, maximum wind speed, rainfall and number of sandstorm are the dominant factors for influencing field mierometeorology, and maximum wind has extremely significant effects on dust detention. Compared with grassland, windbreak and dust detention ability of forestland are stronger. And forest stand density and species richness is positively associated with dust quantity. So in the mining area ecological management, level afforestation measure should be adopted in mining area grassland. Suitable density of forest-shrub-grass three-dimensional complex ecological model will obviously improve mining area dust detention ability and perfect air quality.