我国垄断行业高收入形成机制及租金耗散过程分析

Analysis on the Forming Mechanism of High Income and Rent Dissipation in Chinese Monopoly Industries

垄断行业收入过高的主要原因在于产品市场上的行业垄断给企业带来超额利润,所有者缺位和内部监管乏力使超额利润转化为个人收入,劳动力进入的机会不公平维系了个体高收入的存在;然而垄断行业高工资只是行业垄断产生租金的一部分,垄断租金还通过其他途径耗散,如低效率运营成本、寻租成本、上级主管部门非正式预算支出等,因此,解决垄断行业高收入需要同时在产品市场和劳动力市场上打破垄断、加大行业市场化,建立公平合理的收入分配体系。

The major reason for monopoly industries generating high income is administrative monopoly power leading to super profit,and ownership-absence and lack of supervision make super profit turn to individual income,and unfair working opportunity for labor force makes that kind of industries also maintain high individual income. High salary is only part of rent occurred by industrial monopoly, and there are also other ways to make rent dissipation, in terms of low-efficiency operating cost,rent-seeking,and non-budget cost for offices in charge. Therefore,it is suggested that the measures of eliminating monopoly in products and labor market,encouraging industries marketization and establishing fair and reasonable income distribution system are taken.