普通外科学专业发展现状及设想

Development Status and Presumption in General Surgery Field

目的总结国内外普通外科专业的新进展,为确定军队普通外科学的发展方向提供参考。方法通过Pubmed及CNKI检索近5年来普通外科及相关专业中英文文献,结合文献对国内外普通外科专业的现状和发展趋势进行分析、归纳及总结。结果近年来普通外科专业取得了快速发展,普通外科基础理论及相关理念得到了不断更新,新材料和新技术在临床逐渐得到应用,尤其在微创外科、器官移植、肿瘤的规范化治疗等方面取得了重大进展,通过转化医学将生物技术的进步广泛应用于普通外科相关疾病的治疗。军队普通外科专业在肝癌的局部根治性治疗、细胞融合和双特异性单抗修饰肿瘤疫苗的研制、携带抗癌基因的增殖性病毒载体的发明方面取得重大进展;此外,在依据不同的病因病情控制腹腔感染、营养支持、肠外瘘快速自愈、短肠综合征康复治疗、手术技术改进、小肠移植及肠黏膜屏障功能维护的系列研究方面获得重要奖项。结论普通外科专业正处于高速发展期,军队普通外科专业应结合自身特点,立足军事医学准备,以微创外科为基础,加强相关基础研究,形成特色优势和特色学科。

Objective To summarize the new development of general surgery at domestic and abroad in order to provide reference for further development in military general surgery field. Methods The relevant literature in English and Chinese about general surgery in recent five years was retrieved from Pubmed and CNKI, and current situation and development trend were analyzed and summarized with related literature at domestic and abroad. Results In recent years, the general surgery had made great progress. The rationale and related idea of general surgery were renovated greatly, and many new materials and techniques were applied in general surgery. The major and tremendous progression was performed especially in minimally invasive surgery, organ transplantation, tumorous standardized treatment and so on. New biotechnologies were also used in general surgery through transformation medicine. In military general surgery, significant progress had achieved in local radical treatment, tumor vaccines modified with bispecific monoclonal antibody and cell fusion and the proliferative viral vectors of carrying anti-oncogene. Moreover, the great achievements and awards were obtained in infection control of peritoneal cavity, nutritional support, rapid autotherapy of enterocutaneous fistula, rehabilitation care of short bowel syndrome, improvement of surgical technic, small intestine transplantation and barrier function maintenance of intestinal mucosa. Conclusion General surgery has the great opportunity of development. Gen- eral surgery in military should make use of autologous advantages, reinforce military characteristics, base on minimally in- vasiver surgery and strengthen related basic research, so as to set up the special discipline.