语言接触中的声调特征和声调对应——以云南维西普米语为例

The Feature and Corresponding of Tone in Language Contact——Taking Weixi Prinmi Language in Yunnan as an Example

维西普米族是云南维西傈僳族自治县的少数民族群体,自元代以后就处于纳西族、傈僳族和汉族等多民族包围之中。在与周边民族的语言接触中,普米族从纳西族和汉族借入了大量的词汇,其语言语音逐渐发生了改变,声调增多。并且,不论是纳西语借词还是汉语借词,都与源语言存在整齐的语音对应规律,而这种对应规律主要体现在声调上。究其原因,它不仅与语音系统的内部制约有关,民族语言态度和民族求异心理也促使了这一现象的产生。

Weixi Pumi nationality resides in Wexi Lisu Nationality Autonomous County. As a minor group in this county, Pumi people have been living with several different nationalities such as Naxi, Lisu and Han people. Surrounded by these nationalities with such a long time, the phonology in Prinmi has changed a lot with more tones appearing. In languages contact, loanwords emerged. What＇s more, no matter which language these loanwords come from, they both form a strict correspondence with their original languages. Addi- tionally, these correspondences are mainly reflected in tones. With the inner constraints of the pronunciation system, the language attitudes and the psychological distinction from Pumi people also greatly contribute to the correspondence.