我国西南地区的水供应和粮食生产潜力

WATER SUPPLY AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF GRAIN IN THE OUTHWESTERN CHINA

我国西南地区天然水源非常丰沛 ,总的可利用量达 94 0 0亿m3/a,但工程调节能力较低 ,实际用水量仅为资源蕴藏的 1 0 %。农业灌溉是其主要耗水方式。西南五省 (市、区 )耕地约 1 670 0万亩 (约 1 1 1 3万hm2 ) ,有效灌溉面积占其中的 4 2 % ,人均有效灌面积仅 0 4亩 (约 0 0 4 48hm2 )。今后粮食生产的潜力在于进一步发展水利工程 ,提高有效灌溉面积。在未来的 1 0年可增加灌面近 1 50 0余万亩 ,约可增加粮食年总产量 1 0 0余万t。

The distribution and utility of water resources for Yunnan,Sichuan ,Guzhou and Xizang,southwestern China,are discussed.The water sources in this region are abundant.The total amount of available water resources is up to 950 billion m 3/a.But the water supply by engineering controlling is only 10%of the total amount.The agriculture irrigation is a main consumption.There are farming lands of 167 million mu in the area.The irrigation lands take about 42%of them.It is difficult to increase the productivity largely by ordinary farming techniques.The possibility of increasing grains will be enlarging the irrigation area by improving the water transportation system .Based on the regional planning,the irringation land may be increased by 15 million mu in recent 10 years,it will produce a million tons of grains by the end of 2010s.