416例温州地区0～3岁儿童气质分析

The temperament study at 0～3 years old in 416 children in Wenzhou

目的:了解温州地区0～3岁儿童的气质类型及其各维度的不同特点,为个体化抚养方案的提出提供理论依据。方法:取2011年1月-2012年12月来我院儿童保健科体检的健康儿童416例,应用4～8个月婴儿气质问卷、1～3岁儿童气质问卷进行气质测查,经《中国儿童气质问题测查系统(CCTPSs)》软件得出结果。结果:①416例0～3岁儿童的气质类型:中间偏易型143例(占34.4%),平易型116例(占27.9%),麻烦型61例(占14.7%),发动缓慢型儿童53例(占12.7%),中间偏烦型43例(占10.3%)。②不同性别(P=0.072)及不同年龄组(P=0.296)气质类型差异无统计学意义。③男童较女童心境积极(P=0.008),其他气质维度差异无统计学意义。④1～3岁组儿童相较4～11个月组儿童适应性强(P=0.001),心境积极(P=0.000)及注意不易分散,分心程度低(P=0.000)。⑤城市儿童平易型气质类型高于农村儿童(P=0.016)。⑥农村儿童活动水平(P=0.022)和注意分散(P=0.016)高于城市儿童,反应阈(P=0.045)低于城市儿童,节律性(P=0.020)要弱于城市儿童。⑦难养型(麻烦型+中间偏烦型)儿童出现体质量低下和超重比例高于易养型(平易型+中间偏易型)儿童(P=0.027)。结论:温州地区0～3岁儿童主要气质类型为中间偏易型和平易型,不同性别、不同年龄儿童的部分气质维度存在差异,与其他地区相比,温州地区儿童气质类型分布与气质维度有一定的差异性;城乡儿童在气质类型及部分气质维度上存在一定差异。难养型儿童易出现体质量低下或超重。临床儿保医师应为家长提供个体化抚养方案,以利于儿童个性发展。

Objective： To explore 0 - 3 years old children＇s temperament types and different characteristics of the various dimensions in Wenzhou and provide the oretical basis of personalizing raising scheme. Methods： 0-3 years old in 416 children were surveyed with 4-8 .month-old infantile temperament scale and 1-3 year-old children temperament scale. The results were obtained by the China children＇s temperament problems test system （CCTPSs）. Results： There were 27.9% for easy type, 34.4% intermediate partial easy type, 14.7% for difficult type, 10.3% for intermediate partial difficult type and 12.7% for slow-to-warm up type of temperament. There were no significant differences in gender （P=0.072） and age （P=0.296）. The mood of boys was more positive than that of girls, and there were no significant differences in other temperament dimensions. Children were more adaptability （P=0.000）, more positive（P=0.000） and less distractibility （P=0.000） in 1-3 years old. The proportion of easy type in uban children was higher than that in rural children （P=0.016）. Rural children were more active （P=0.022）, less sensitive （P=0.045）, less rhythm （P=0.020） and more distractibility （P=0.016） than those of urban children. Low weight and overweight were more likely to appear in the combined difficult type （difficult type ＋ intermediate partial difficult type） （P=0.027）. Conclusion： The main temperament type of 0~3 years old in 416 children in Wenzhou are easy type and intermediate partial easy type. There is significant difference in partial temperament dimensions between children of different genders and ages. Compared with other regions, temperament type and temperament dimensions of children in Wenzhou has the certain difference; The temperament type and partial temperament dimensions of the urban children are different from the rural children. Low weight and overweight were more likely to appear in the combined difficult type. Therefore, the doctors should provide individual schemes to parents for bring up children healthy.