海拔梯度对高原湿地植物形态和生理学效应研究

Effect of Morphology and Physiology of Wetland Plants on Plateaus at Different Altitudes

研究了纳帕海高原湿地4种常见的多年生水生植物经移栽至不同海拔后,在生长过程中的生长状况、叶绿素、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化及其生理特性。结果表明,水葱(Scirpusvalidus)、荸荠(Heleocharis dulcis)、黑三棱(Sparganium stoloniferum)和茭草(Zizania latifolia)的生长状况随着海拔的降低均有所改善,其中,4种湿地植物的株高随海拔的降低均有所升高,水葱和荸荠的茎粗随海拔的降低均呈现增粗的趋势,黑三棱和茭草的叶片宽度也随海拔的降低有所增加;4种湿地植物的叶绿素(a+b)含量随着海拔的降低均呈现不断下降的趋势;4种植物的可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量随海拔的降低均有所下降;荸荠、黑三棱和茭草的过氧化物酶(POD)活性随海拔的降低均呈下降趋势,而水葱的过氧化物酶(POD)活性随着海拔的降低无显著变化,黑三棱和茭草的过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著高于其它两种植物。可见,4种湿地植物的形态、生理特征对不同海拔生境的适应方式可能是通过多种途径实现的,如形态特征、光合作用、抗寒物质代谢、抗氧化酶系统等随海拔梯度的变化而变化。这些不同的适应方式在不同的植物间既有共同规律,又有着各自的特性。

The growth status, chlorophyll content,soluble sugar and free proline content,and superoxide dismutase（POD）activities in four species of common perennial wetland plants transplanted to different altitude levels on the Napahai plateau wetland,and the physiological characteristics of the plants during growth were studied.The results showed that the growth status of Scirpus validus,Heleocharis dulcis,Sparganium stoloniferum and Zizania latifolia were improved as altitude decreased.Plant heights of the four wetland plant species tended to increase as altitude decreased.Both S.validus and H.dulcis exhibited widening stem length as altitude decreased.The leaf widths of S.stoloniferum and Z.latifolia tended to increase as altitude decreased.The chlorophyll（a＋b） contents of these wetland plants tended to decline as altitude decreased,as did soluble sugar and free proline content.POD activity in H.dulcis,S.stoloniferum and Z.latifolia decreased with decreasing altitude but showed no significant change in S.validus;POD activity in S.stoloniferum and Z.latifolia were much higher than the other two species.Therefore,the adaptive morphological and physiological characteristics of the four species to habitats at different altitudes had many approaches,such as variations in morphology,photosynthesis,metabolisms of cold-resisting substances and systems of anti-oxidative enzymes at different altitudes.The different adaptive approaches between the plants not only exhibited common rules,but also possessed their own characteristics.