种植年限对蔬菜日光温室土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响

Effects of planting years of vegetable solar greenhouse on soil microbial flora and enzyme activities

以种植2、4、6、11、13、16、19年的蔬菜日光温室土壤为研究对象,并以露地菜田为对照,测定了土壤微生物区系及酶活性的变化.结果表明:随着种植年限的增加,土壤中细菌、放线菌和微生物总数均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,在种植11年时达到最大值,分别比对照增加了54.8%、63.7%和55.4%,差异达显著水平;而真菌数量持续上升,种植19年约为对照的2.2倍.微生物生理类群中,纤维素分解菌、自生固氮菌、亚硝酸细菌、反硝化细菌和硫化细菌数量的变化趋势与细菌相似,种植11年分别为对照的1.5、1.6、1.9、1.4和1.1倍;而氨化细菌数量则呈现先减少后增加的趋势,在种植13年时达到最小值,为对照的56.0%.土壤中脲酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶和碱性磷酸酶活性随种植年限的增加呈现先增强后减弱的趋势,而过氧化氢酶活性较稳定.相关分析表明,细菌、放线菌和微生物总数与各土壤酶均呈显著正相关;而真菌数量与脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶均呈负相关,其中与过氧化氢酶的相关性达到显著水平.

Taking the vegetable solar greenhouses having been planted for 2, 4, 6, 11, 13, 16, and 19 years as test objects, and with the open vegetable field as the control, this paper studied the variations of soil microbial flora and enzyme activities. With the increasing years of planting, the numbers of soil bacteria, actinomycetes, and total microbes in vegetable solar greenhouses de- creased after an initial increase, and reached the maximum in the greenhouse of 11 years planting, with a significant increment of 54.8%, 63.7%, and 55.4%, respectively, as compared to the control. The number of soil fungi in the vegetable solar greenhouses increased steadily with increas- ing planting years, being about 2.2 times higher in the greenhouse of 11 years planting. Among the microbial physiological groups, the numbers of aerobic cellulose-decomposer, aerobic azotobacter, nitrite bacteria, denitrifier, and sulphur reducer showed the same variation trend as the soil bacteria＇ s, and those in the greenhouse of 11 years planting being 1.5, 1.6, 1.9, 1.4, and 1.1 times of the control, respectively. The number of ammonifiers increased after an initial decrease, reached the minimum in the greenhouse of 13 years planting, being only 56.0% of the control. The enzyme activities of soil urease, polyphenol oxidase, sucrase, protease, cellulase, and alkaline phosphatase increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing years of planting, but soil cata- lase activity was relatively stable. Correlation analysis showed that the numbers of soil bacteria, actinomycetes, and total microbes were significantly positively correlated with all test soil enzyme ac- tivities, while the number of soil fungi had significant negative correlation with the activity of soil eatalase.