某特种部队新兵训练损伤与人体测量特征指标的相关研究

Correlation of Anthropometric Characteristics to Military Training Injury in Recruits from a Special Force Corps

目的:探讨特种部队新兵训练损伤发生与人体测量特征指标的相关性,为兵员选择提供参考。方法:对某特种部队2006和2007年度626名新兵进行人体测量,并监测12周训练期间新发生的肌肉骨骼系统损伤。资料数量化后输入计算机,采用SPSS 13.0软件行单因素方差分析、二分变量逻辑分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果:单因素方差分析结果显示,损伤组与非损伤组下肢不等长(P<0.01)、"X"型腿(P<0.05)、"O"型腿(P<0.05)、扁平足(P<0.01)、下肢力线不良评分(P<0.01)差异显著,损伤组大于未损伤组;肩宽(P<0.05)、肩宽比坐高(P<0.01)有显著差异,损伤组小于未损伤组。逻辑回归分析显示,下肢力线不良评分(OR=1.582,95%CI:1.280～1.956)和小腿长(OR=1.087,95%CI:1.015～1.165)是危险因素;肩宽比坐高(OR=0.002,95%CI:0.000～0.140)和上臂长(OR=0.894,95%CI:0.825～0.969)是保护因素。多元逐步回归分析显示,下肢力线不良评分(B=0.190,P<0.01)、扁平足(B=0.161,P<0.01)和下肢长(B=0.026,P<0.05)是损伤的危险因素,而肩宽比坐高(B=-2.539,P<0.01)是损伤的保护因素。结论:下肢不等长、"X"型腿、"O"型腿、扁平足、下肢力线不良评分高、下肢过长是新兵训练损伤的危险因素;一定范围内,较高数值的肩宽、肩宽比坐高和上臂长是损伤的保护因素。结果提示在征兵查体时应关注对下肢力线指标的测量与评估,选择身体匀称和下肢力线良好的兵员。

Objective To explore the relationship between military training injury ana anthropometric characteristics in recruits from a special force corps,in order to improve the recruit selection criteria. Methods Anthropometric measurement and survey on newly occurred musculoskeletal injury during 12- week basic training in 626 recruits from 2006 to 2007 were performed in a special force corps. Datawere computed after quantization,and ANOVA,binary logistic regression and multiple stepwise regression analysis were conducted with SPSS 13.0 software. Results There were significantly higher incidences of leg length discrepancy（P 〈 0.01 ）, knock-knee （P 〈 0.05）, bowleg（P 〈 0.05）, pes planus （P 〈 0.05） ,and higher score of leg malalignment（P 〈 0.01 ）in the injured group than in the uninjured group, in contrast,greater shoulder breadth （P 〈 0.05） and ratio of shoulder breadth/sitting height （P 〈 0.01 ） were seen more in uninjured group than in injured group. Logistic regression analysis showed that score of lower extremity malalignment （OR = 1.582,95%CI ： 1.280~ 1.956）, and leg length （OR= 1.087,95%CI ： 1.015-1.165 ）were the risk factors for injury ,whereas the ratio of shoulder breadth/sitting height （OR= 0.002,95% CI ： 0.000-0.140）and upper arm length （OR = 0.894,95% CI ： 0.825 -0.969） the protective factors for injury. Furthermore,multiple stepwise regression demonstrated that risk factors for injury consisted of leg malalignment （B = 0.190,P 〈 0.01）,pes planus （B = 0.161,P 〈 0.01）,and lower extremity length（B = 0.026,P 〈 0.05）,while the ratio of shoulder breadth/sitting height（B = -2.539,P 〈 0.01 ） was the protective factor. Conclusion Leg length discrepancy,knock-knee ,bowleg,pes planus,leg malalignment and longer leg length are the risk factors for training-related injury,while higher ratio of shoulder breadth/sitting height and longer upper arm length are the protective factors for training-related injury. Therefore,well-proportioned status and well leg alignment are the anthropometric selection criteria of recruit for special force corps during physical examination.