成年人身体活动变化阶段与健康变量的关系:对FIT模型理论的检验

The Relationship between Physical Activity Change of Stages and Health Variables in Chinese Adults:Verification of the FIT Model

从无活动到保持活动的四步骤模型(Four Steps from Inactivity to Activity,FIT模型)将个体的身体活动变化过程划分为六个阶段:前考虑期,考虑期,准备期,探索期,波动期和保持期。其中前三个阶段为不活动期,后三个阶段为活动期。本研究基于FIT模型,采用横断性研究设计,考查了1206名成年人(27～55岁)身体活动变化阶段与健康变量(身体体质、积极/消极主观良好感、健康满意度、不适感和BMI)之间的关系。研究结果表明,除BMI之外,健康变量在身体活动变化阶段上的主效应均显著,处于活动阶段的个体健康水平均好于处于不活动阶段的个体;处于保持期(即长期保持规律性身体活动)的个体身体体质、积极主观良好感和健康满意度水平均高于探索期和波动期,其消极主观良好感和身体不适感均低于探索期和波动期。此外,性别、年龄和教育程度不同程度调节了变化阶段与健康变量之间的关系。本研究验证了FIT模型中成年人身体活动变化阶段与健康变量之间的相关关系,为今后运用FIT模型诊断成年人身体活动变化阶段及其相应健康状况提供了实证性依据。

Based on the Four Steps from Inactivity to Activity （FIT）model with cross-sectional design,this study investigated the association between physical activity stages of change and health variables （physical fitness,wellbeing,heahh satisfaction,complaints and BMI）among 1206 Chinese adults. It was found that,health variables changed significantly from stage to stage except the BMI, adults who were in physically active stages had better health status than those in physically inactive stages. Among the three active stages,adults on maintaining stage （keeping regular physical activity for a long time）had better health status （higher fitness,positive wellbeing and better health satisfaction,lower negative wellbeing and physical complaints）than those on exploring and fluctuating stages. Furthermore,gender, age and education regulated the association between health variables and stages of change. This study verified the association between physical activity stages of change and health in adults and supported the diagnostic function of FIT model.