慢性便秘患者临床特征的研究

The clinical features of chronic constipation

目的探讨慢性便秘(CC)患者的临床特点。方法收集医院门诊的CC患者200例,入组患者需填写一份调查问卷,内容包括人口统计学特征、排便习惯及泻剂使用史。将所收集的资料使用EPI3.02录入,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果 200例接受问卷调查的CC患者中,女∶男=2.23∶1(138∶62)。便秘症状谱中,女性无便意/便意少者占所有女性的65.2%,占男性的50.0%,女性排便不尽感者占57.2%,男性占38.7%,二者差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。200例CC患者年龄为10～91岁,女性与男性平均年龄分别为(45.8±17.1)岁及(53.5±22.3)岁,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。女性与男性患者发病年龄高峰分别在20～29岁及60～69岁。文化程度:文盲占6.0%,小学占13.5%,初中占24.0%,高中占23.5%,大专占20.5%,大学占11.0%,大学以上占1.5%。饮食习惯:以精粮为主者占95.0%,以素食为主者占76.0%,吃蔬菜水果很少者占39.5%。少年组、青年组、中年组及老年组使用通便药者分别占3.0%、34.5%、22.5%和35.0%。泻剂依赖现象:老年组、中年组及青年组依次为10.0%、8.0%和3.5%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。结论女性CC是男性的2.23倍;慢传输型便秘(STC)与出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)患者中女性较男性比例高;女性平均发病年龄明显小于男性;女性发病年龄高峰为20～29岁,男性为60～69岁;文化程度影响CC的发生率;饮食中多摄入粗粮杂粮及肉类可预防便秘的发生;老年CC泻剂的使用率最高,并且随着年龄的增长,CC患者对泻剂的依赖性增大。

Objective To discuss the clinical features of chronic constipation （CC）. Methods 200 out-patients with CC in hospitals filled out a questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, bowel habits and laxatives history. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS software package. Results 138 were female and 62 were male. Female/male was 2.23. In characteristics of constipation, 65.2% of women had no or less desire to defecation, and 57.2% of women had incomplete evacuation. 50.0% of men had no or less desire to defecation,and 38.7% of men had incomplete evac- uation （P 〈 0.05 ）. 200 patients aged from 10 to 91 years old, female mean age was 45.8 ± 17.1 years, and male mean age was 53.5 ± 22.3 years （P = 0. 000）. Female had a highest proportion from 20 to 29 years old, compared with male from 60 to 69 years old. Education： illiterate accounted for 6.0% ; primary education accounted for 13.5% ; middle ed- ucation accounted for 24.0% ; high school education accounted for 23.5% ; college education accounted for 20.5% ; u- niversity education accounted for 11.0% ; more than universitiy education accounting for 1.5%. Diet habits： 95.0% patients eated fine grain,76.0% patients was vegetarian, and only 39.5% patients intake fruits and vegetables not-e- nough. Laxative use： junior constipation accounted for 3.0% ; youth accounted for 34.5% ; middle age group accounted for 22.5% ; old age group accounted for 35.0%. Laxative dependence： 10.0% of patients was elderly,8.0% of pa- tients was middle-aged,and 3.5% of patients was the youth （P = 0. 004）. Conclusion Femal was 2.23 times than male. The proportion of female was more than male in STC and OOC. Average age of women was smaller than men. Fe- male had a highest proportion from 20 to 29 years old, compared with male from 60 to 69 years old. Education can affect the prevalence of CC. Intake more roughage and meat should prevent CC. More old people use laxative and dependence on laxative increased with the increasing age.