3岁听障与健听儿童开放式单音节测试结果比较分析

A Comparative Study of Performances on the Open-set Monosyllable Test of Typical Children and Hearing Impaired Children at Age 3

目的比较3岁听障儿童与同龄健听儿童开放式单音节测试结果,为提高康复教学效果提供依据。方法选取3岁听障儿童与同龄健听儿童各30例,采用言语听觉反应评估(evaluation of auditory response to speech,EARS)中的开放式单音节分别对两组儿童进行测试,比较其结果。结果两组儿童各测试项得分高低排序均为声调得分>韵母得分>声母得分>字得分,且两两之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);3岁听障儿童的声母、韵母和字得分均显著低于同龄健听儿童(P<0.001)。错误分析表明两组儿童中舌尖后音、边音的正确率均最低;健听儿童的双唇音、唇齿音、鼻音、塞音正确率最高,而听障儿童的舌根音正确率最高。听障儿童各发音部位及发音方法的声母、鼻韵母的正确率均显著低于健听儿童(P<0.05)。结论 3岁听障儿童在开放式单音节测试中的声母、韵母和字得分差于同龄健听儿童,且以舌尖后音、边音最为突出,这可能与听障儿童听力状况带来的输入性语言信息不足和听觉干预起始年龄有关。

Objective The present study analyzed the performances of hearing impaired children and normal hearing children at age 3 on the open set monosyllables test to provide reference for rehabilitation. Methods 30 typical children and hearing impaired children at age 3 were randomly selected and tested using the open--set monosylla ble test in evaluation of auditory response to speech（EARS）. Results （1）There were significantly differences between different test items in both groups, the decreasing order of the score was tone〉 vowel〉consonant〉word（P 〈0.01）, and the scores on vowels, consonants and words of hearing--impaired children were respectively significantly lower than that in normal hearing children（P〈0. 001）. （2）There were similarities and differences between the mistakes of typical children and hearing impaired children. Blade--palatals and laterals in both groups achieved the lowest accuracy. While the accuracies on bilabials, labiodentals, nasals and plosives were highest in typical children, the accuracy on velar was highest in hearing impaired children. And the accuracies of consonants and nasal vowels on each place and manner of articulation in hearing--impaired children were significantly lower. Conclusion The study showed that the performances on vowels, consomants and words of hearing--impaired children aged 3 in the open set monosyllables test were poorer than that in normal hearing children. The main errors were between the same places or methods of articulation, especially for Blade--palatals and laterals. It is possible related to the deficiency of language input with the hearing impairment and the age with HA/CI.