江西南昌柑橘冠层节肢动物群落组成及时序动态研究

The community composition and temporal dynamic of canopy arthropods on Citrus in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province

采用叶面观察和诱捕相结合的方法调查了江西南昌柑橘冠层节肢动物群落。共调查到节肢动物数量144037头,分属25种。其中,高密度种类有2种即柑橘全爪螨和矢尖蚧;常见种类有13种,包括桔小实蝇、柑橘花蕾蛆、柑橘木虱和中华草蛉等;其它为低密度种类。在群落结构指数的变化过程中,分别于5月下旬和9月下旬出现Shannon-Wiener多样性指数极大值和Simpson优势度指数极小值。对高密度种类和部分常见种类的种群动态进行了分析,表明柑橘全爪螨在5月下旬至6月上旬发生严重,矢尖蚧则于7～8月发生严重;柑橘花蕾蛆幼虫和柑橘木虱发生动态相似,均仅于柑橘春梢阶段出现最高密度;桔小实蝇成虫则在9月下旬出现密度高峰;中华草蛉的发生动态与其主要捕食对象—柑橘全爪螨的相似。研究结果初步明确南昌柑橘冠层节肢动物的重要成分及重要类群的时序动态,为该地区柑橘重要害虫的防治与控制,天敌昆虫的保护与利用提供基础信息。

The composition and structure of the arthropod communities in orange orchard were investigated in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, using the leaf observational method and the trapping technique from April to December 2012. A total of 144037 individuals, belonging to 25 species, were founded in our investigation. Among them, the high density species included with Panonychus cirri McGregor and Unaspis yanonensis （ Kuwana）, 13 kinds of common species including Diaphorina Cirri （Kuwayama） , Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, Contarinia cirri Barnes, Chrysoperla sinica （Tjeder） and so on, and others were the low density species. During the change of arthropod community indexes, Shannon -Wiener diversity index reached their maximum values, and Simpson dominance index appeared their minimum values in late May and late September, respectively. Subsequently, we described the population dynamics of high density species and some common species. It indicated that P. cirri emerged predominantly in late May, but U. yanonensis from July to August. D. cirri and C. cirri had the similar population dynamics which appeared in the period of spring shoots in Citrus. B. dorsalis adults had the highest density in late September, and the dynamic of C. sinica was partly similar with that of P. cirri. Through the study, we described clearly the main species of canopy arthropods on Citrus, and the dynamics of important species, and the results would prevention of pests, and the protection and utilization Jiangxi province. provide some basic information for the control and of insect enemies in orange orchard of Nanchang,