北京某地区无偿献血人员构成及血检结果分析

Analysis on detected results of volunteer blood donation and blood screening test in Beijing area

目的分析北京某地区无偿献血人员的构成，调查与献血有关主要疾病的感染情况。方法收集2005年1月至2012年12月在我院无偿献血人员的基本信息，分为18—25岁、26—35岁、36—45岁和46．55岁四个组，对不同年龄段的信息进行统计学处理；丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine transaminase，ALT）采用微板速率法检测，HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV和抗-TP用酶联免疫吸附试验检测，对这5项传染性指标进行回顾性分析。结果165566人次中男女比例约为（90．4±1．0）：（9．6±1．0），四个年龄段献血者动态变化由高到低的顺序由2005年的26～35岁〉36～45岁〉18～25岁〉46～55岁逐渐变为2012年的18～25岁〉26～35岁〉36～45岁〉46～55岁。8年期间献血累计不合格为13515人次，总不合格率为8．16％，不合格血以2012年最高（10．05％），各项指标检出率从高到低依次为ALT（6．47％）〉HBsAg（0．71％）〉抗-HCV（0．46％）〉抗-TP（0．35％）〉抗-HIV（0．013％）。HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP的阳性检出率总体呈上升趋势，其中HBsAg的阳性检出率整体最高，抗-HIV的阳性检出率最低。结论18～25岁年龄段是目前无偿献血的主力军，血液感染性疾病总检出率和各项检出率都表现出升高的趋势。

Objective To analyze the composition of volunteer blood donors and to investigate the blood screening test changes of the infectious diseases associated with blood transfusion. Methods The basic data of volunteer blood donors were collected since January 2005 to December 2012. The blood donors were divided into four groups by age of 18-25, 26-35, 36-45 and 46-55. The changes of age group were analyzed by SPSS software. Alanine transarninase （ALT） was detected by microtiter plate kinetic method. HBsAg, anti- HCV, anti-HIV and anti-TP were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results 165 566 plasma samples were tested. There were no obvious changes for the sex ratio during study period which was （90.4± 1.0）：（9.6±1.0）. However, the order of the donation numbers for each age group was changed from 26-35〉 36- 45〉 18-25〉 46-55 to 18-25〉26-35〉 36-45〉 46-55 years old. Totally, there were 13 515 （8.16%） samples disqualified. In 2012, the ratio of disqualified samples reached top during study years （ 10.05% ）. The ratio of disqualified sample in order were ALT （ 6.47% ）, HBsAg （0.71% ）, anti-HCV （0.46%）, anti-TP （0.35 % ） and anti-HIV （0.013%）. The positive rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and anti-TP shown an increasing trend, and HBsAg was highest, anti-HIV was lowest. Conclusion Youths, which the 18-25 years old become main force in volunteer blood donors. The incidence of infectious diseases associated with blood transfusion have an increasing trend.