汉语英源外来词删音现象的音系研究

A Phonological Study of Deletion in Chinese Loanwords

词汇的借用一方面要尽可能与源词相似,另一方面也要满足一系列制约条件使其像一个借入语词汇。因而,借用时借入者常常要权衡哪些信息一定要囊括在词汇项中,哪些信息则是可以抛掉的。本文考察汉语借词音系学中那些"可抛掉"的信息,即删音策略的使用。包括:什么时候删音,为什么要删音,删的是哪些音,所删的音是否有特定的优选层级,音系条件的不同是否会影响不同修补策略的使用,等等。删音同增音一样是汉语外来词借用过程中常用的修补策略,删音在汉语借词音系学的广泛使用,说明策略的使用根据语言的不同而不同,是一种个性特征。

The adaptation of a loanword concerns preserving as much information of the source word as possible,and at the same time satisfying a series of constraints to make the word a natural member in the recipient language.Borrowers need to consider what information must be included in the lexical item and what is allowed to be sacrificed.This paper investigates word deletion patterns in Chinese loanword adaptation,focusing on the strategies of deletion,including what can be deleted,when and why deletion happens,if there is a deletion hierarchy,if different phonological conditions can influence the repair strategy.This paper finds that deletion,like epenthesis,another cross-linguistic repair choice for loanwords,is also used frequently in Chinese loanwords,which indicates that repair strategy is a language-specific feature and differs in different languages.