皮艇划桨技术优劣的运动学评判方法和应用研究

Study on the Kinematic Method Used for the Judge of the Kayaker's Paddling Technique and its Application

目的探讨皮艇合理的划桨技术和适宜技术评判的运动学方法。方法利用皮艇的Matlab/Simulink仿真模型分析了划桨阶段不同的推进功率输出方式下划桨周期中的艇速变化特征,并和国内高水平男子运动员单人艇比赛中影像解析获得的艇速变化特征进行了量化比较。结果 (1)仿真计算说明在划桨阶段推进功率输出方式越是平坦均匀型,划桨周期中的平均艇速就越高,技术越合理;(2)合理技术的运动学特征表现为划桨阶段艇减速时间短、艇速波动小、艇加速时间长;(3)国内高水平男子运动员的推进功率输出方式具有划桨中段爆发式产生和后半段渐近产生的特点。结论用运动学分析方法结合理论仿真分析结果可基本确定皮艇运动员划桨技术的特点并对技术进行评判。

Purpose To study on the reasonable kayakerg paddling technique and the kinematic method for suitable technique judgment. Methods The variety features of kayak velocity in the paddling periodic time corresponding to the different mode of impelling power output are analyzed by Maflab/Simulink simulation model of kayak, and the quantity comparisons are made between the variety features of kayak velocity obtained by the kinematic recording analysis method in practical single kayak competitions for domestic elite men - kayakers and that obtained by the simulation method. Results （ 1 ） The more e- ven uniformity for impelling power output in paddling phase, the higher average velocity in paddling periodic time, and the more reasonable in technique skills ; （ 2 ） the corresponding variety features of kayak velocity related to reasonable skills shows that there is short time in velocity decreasing phase and little magnitude in velocity fluctuation,as well as long time in velocity acceleration phase during the paddling phase ; （ 3 ） there are features of eruption output and successive step output in impelling power production separately in the paddling middle phase and half backwards phase for the domestic elite men - kayakers. Conclusions For kayakers, the padding technique features may be judged approximately and skills may be evaluated by the kinematic analysis method combined with the results according to the theoretical simulation analysis.