欧洲自然风景园中的景观规划理念与实践——以埃麦农维尔庄园和穆斯考花园为例

Landscape Planning Ideas and Practices in European Landscape Gardens:Taking Ermenonvill and Muskau as Examples

英国自然风景园传入欧洲大陆后,人们对风景园的认识不再单单是对如画风景的欣赏,而是考虑与经济和社会的发展相结合的景观规划理念。以吉拉丹在法国埃麦农维尔庄园的实践和平克勒在德国穆斯考花园的实践为代表性案例,分析了规划者的规划思想、手段与实例的影响,论证了欧洲自然风景园中的景观规划理念与实践,讨论了两个案例之间的异同点。以两个实例为代表的景观规划在延续风景园的发展主线的同时,展现了多元的规划视野。欧洲景观规划以风景园为载体,进行了经济和社会的全面改良,带动了区域的全面发展。最后提出了对中国景观规划实践的启示。

Since English landscape garden was introduced into Europe,landscape garden in concept is no longer just the enjoyment of picturesque scenery,but the landscape planning ideas combining with the development of economy and society.Taking Ermenonvill planned by Girardin in France and Muskau planned by Pückler in Germany as examples,this paper analyzes the influence of planning ideas,methods and cases,attests landscape planning ideas and practices of European landscape gardens,and discusses the similarities and differences between the two cases.Landscape planning represented by the two cases continues the developing trend of landscape garden,and shows multiplicity of planning ideas.European landscape planning takes landscape garden as a carrier,improves socio-economic development and all-round progress of the area.Inspirations to Chinese landscape planning practice are put forward.