中国现阶段粪便常规检验基本分析和潜血检测的重要性及必要性

Basic Analysis of Stool Routine Test and the Importance, and Necessity of Occult Blood Test at Present in China

目的 探讨现阶段条件下粪便常规的异常情况和潜血试验的重要性,了解粪便常规和潜血试验对疾病诊断的指导意义.方法 回顾性分析2012年8月～12月长江大学附属第一医院9 665例粪便常规检查结果,其中7 071例同时检测潜血试验,有348例检测到轮状病毒,按照科室分类统计粪便颜色、形状、红细胞、白细胞及寄生虫、潜血试验的异常检出率.结果 各指标总的异常率为16.4%,其中性状异常最高,寄生虫、虫卵及各种病理结晶未检出.送检科室以儿科的送检标本次数最多,为1 843例,但是各指标异常率却以外科ICU和泌尿外科最多.潜血试验的总阳性率为23.1%,轮状病毒阳性率为26.4%.结论 现阶段中随着公共卫生条件及医疗水平的提高,肠道寄生虫感染率显著下降,结直肠癌呈现上升趋势.潜血试验作为最常见的筛检手段,临床上应加强其检测,同时在轮状病毒易感季节应加强保护措施.

Objective To investigate the abnormal of stool for routine and the importance of occult blood test at the present conditions, and to understand the guide significance of stool for routine and occult blood test on the diseases diagnosis. Meth- ods Analysis retrospective the results of 9 665 stool for routine,and also 7 071 tseted occult blood and 348 tested rotavirus isolatedly in the Frist Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University from August to December in 2012,statistically calculated the rates of abnormal index detected in various departments such as color, characters, WBC, RBC, parasites, partially test occult blood and rotavirus. Results The general abnormal rates were 16.4% ,of that the highest abnormal rate was in stool charac- ters,the parasites and pathologic crystals were not detected. Although the test frequence was highest in departments of pedi- atrics,for 1 843 samples,the highest rates of various abnormal index of stool for routine were in surgical ICU and urinary surgery. The positive rates of oceoult blood test were 23.1% totally, the positive rates of rotavrius were 26.4 %. Conclusion Along with the improvance of the public health conditions and medical treatments at present, the rates of intestinal para- sitic infections were dropped significantly,but the rates of colorectal neoplasm were increased. As one of the most commom means of screeing, should strengthen the stool occult blood test and also take measures to protect rotavrius infections in sus- ceptible seasons.