不同施磷量对黄花蒿丛枝菌根形成、生长及产青蒿素的影响

Effects of different phosphorus treatments on Arbuscular mycorrhizal formation,growth and artemisinin content of Artemisia annua

【目的】确定适宜丛枝菌根真菌与黄花蒿共生的土壤磷素水平，为黄花蒿优质高效生产提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验，检测已接种摩西球囊霉（Glomusmosseae）的黄花蒿在4种磷肥水平（0、40、80和120mg／kg）下不同生育时期（早、中前期、中、中后和后期）的菌根侵染率、株高、茎基径等生长指标，以及叶绿素含量，收获后检测地上部干物重，枝和叶的氮、磷、钾含量，植株青蒿素含量。【结果】在各检测时期，施磷量80mg／kg的处理菌根侵染率均最高，分别为59．7％、66．3％、76．7％、86．3％和89．0％；菌根化黄花蒿植株地上部干物重、株高、茎基粗和叶绿素含量在不同施磷处理间差异不显著（P〉0．05）；施磷可以促进菌根化黄花蒿植株对氮素的吸收，但施磷量超过120mg／kg时促进氮素吸收的作用会下降。40mg／kg以下的低磷处理有利于菌根化黄花蒿植株对磷的吸收。高磷和低磷条件下，菌根化黄花蒿对钾的吸收差异不显著（P〉0．05），叶片钾含量为3．45％～3．95％。施磷量达到120mg／kg时会显著降低菌根化黄花蒿的青蒿素含量（P〈0．05）。【结论】40～80mg／kg的施磷量最适宜丛枝菌根真菌与黄花蒿共生，植株有较高的青蒿素含量和生物产量。

[Objective ]This research investigated the appropriate soil phosphorus for the symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with Artemisia annua to provide references for high effective production of Artemisia annua. [Method] Artemisia annua was inoculated with Glomus mosseae and planted in pot. Four phosphorus application amounts were arranged viz., 0, 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg. At different stage of growth （early, middle, late and final peirod）, the myeorrhizal colonization rate, plant height ,basal diameter and content of chlorophyll were detected. After harvest, shoot dry weight, contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in branches and leaves, and content of artemisinin in leaves were detected. [Result]When the phosphorus application amount was 80mg/kg at every growth stage, the mycorrhizal colonization rate was the highest, which was 59.7%, 66.3%, 76.7%, 86.3% and 89.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference among four treatments at shoot dry weight,plant height,basal diameter and chlorophyll content of mycorrhizal A. annua. Phosphorus could promote the mycorrhizal A. annua absorbing nitrogen,but the function would decline when the application amount exceeded 120 mg/kg. It was beneficial to phosphorus absorption at low phosphorus processing under 40 mg/kg. The content of potassium in leaves remained stable at 3.45%-3.95% with no significant difference among the four treatments. The content of artemisinin reduced significantly when phosphorus application amount was 120 mg/kg. [Conclusion] The 40-80 mg/kg phosphoric fertilizer was the optimum application rate for Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with A. annua. The mycorrhizal plants had higher artemisinin content and biological yield.