猕猴桃根段扦插育苗试验

Experiment of root cutting seedling of kiwifruit

【目的】探索猕猴桃根段扦插育苗适宜的埋植方式及根段处理方式，为繁育符合猕猴桃嫁接要求的砧木苗提供依据。【方法】以中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis）“桂海4号”实生苗根段为试材，埋根方式设横埋、竖埋、竖平、竖露4个处理，根粗度设2、5、8mm及根长度设3、6、9、12cm共12个处理（分别以1A、1B、1c、1D，2A、2B、2C、2D，3A、3B、3C、3D表示），以大田播种的种子苗作对照，测定各处理的出苗率和苗的基部直径（基径）。【结果】竖平、竖露、竖埋处理的出苗率分别为97．93％、90．00％、78．00％，与横埋处理出苗率（53．33％）、种子苗出苗率（30．00％）差异极显著（P〈0．01）；竖露处理苗基径显著大于其他处理（P〈0．05），其他处理间的基径差异不显著（P〉0．05）。根段长度和粗度对出苗率的影响存在显著交互作用，除1A和1B外其余处理的出苗率均在85．00％以上，根段粗度较小时（2mm），根段越长出苗率越高；根段长度和粗度对根插苗基径的影响，除1A、1B和2B外其余处理均大于0．6cm，根段长度相同时，根段粗度越大根插苗的基径越大，根段粗度为8mm时，根插苗的平均基径达0．77～0．95cm。【结论】在猕猴桃砧木育苗中，根插育苗是一种优良的育苗方法，尤以竖露埋植方式育苗效果最佳。

[ Objective ]The optimal method of root treatment and embedding in the root cutting seedling of kiwifruit were explored to provide references for making the root material after the transplant of seedlings suitable for breeding rootstock seedlings. [Method]Using the root of Actinidia chinensis ＇Guihaia 4＇ seedlings as material, four covering treatments were performed. （horizontal covering, vertical covering, vertical level, vertical exposing the topsoil）. There were 12 treatments of root diameter and length （diameter： 2, 5, 8 mm; length： 3, 6, 9, 12 cm）, which were represented by 1A,1B,1C,1D, 2A,2B,2C,2D,3A,3B,3C and 3D. The emergence rate and basal diameter of seedlings were measured with field sown seedlings as the control. [Result]The emergence rate of vertical level, vertical exposing the topsoil and vertical covering （97.93%, 90.00%, 78.00%） was significantly different from that of horizontal covering （53.33%） and seed emergence rate （30.00%）. Basal diameter of annual root cutting seedlings was significantly greater than that of natural propagation seedlings. No obvious difference was observed among other treatments. Root length and diameter played an evident interactive role in emergence rate. Except treatment 1A and 1B, the seedling emergence rate of the rest treatments was more than 85%. When the root diameter was small （2 mm）, the longer root cutting had higher emergence rate. Root length and diameter significantly affected basal diameter of root cutting seedlings. In addition to treatment 1A, 1B and 2B, the basal diameter of the rest treatments was more than 0.6 cm. When the root length was the same, bigger diameter root cuttings produced bigger basal diameter. When the root diameter was 8 mm, the average basal diameter of root cutting seedlings could reach 0.77-0.95 cm. [Conclusion ]In kiwifruit rootstock seedling breeding, root cutting was an excellent breeding method. Its emergence rate, in particular the rate of vertical exposing the topsoil, was better than that of natural propagation seedlings.