不同干燥工艺对铁皮石斛多糖及石斛碱的影响

Effects of different drying methods on polysaccharides and dendrobine from Dendrobium candidum

【目的】研究不同干燥工艺对铁皮石斛主要有效成分多糖和石斛碱的影响,为铁皮石斛产后初加工及规模化生产提供理论依据。【方法】以铁皮石斛为原材料,采用自然晾干、热风干燥、真空干燥和真空冷冻干燥4种不同干燥方式对铁皮石斛进行干燥,探讨4种方式对铁皮石斛多糖和石斛碱含量等的影响。【结果】真空冷冻干燥产品L值最大,颜色较为鲜亮,色泽保持得较好,明显优于自然晾干、热风干燥、真空干燥产品。铁皮石斛干燥后多糖含量大小排列为:热风干燥>真空干燥>真空冷冻干燥>自然晾干。在热风干燥条件下,铁皮石斛多糖含量最高,达31.13%;自然晾干条件下,铁皮石斛多糖含量最低,为20.72%。不同干燥工艺对石斛碱含量几无影响。【结论】热风干燥方式下的铁皮石斛有效成分含量高、能耗低,且所需设备简单,在铁皮石斛加工企业中值得推广应用。

[Objective]The effects of different drying methods on polysaccharides and dendrobine from Dendrobium eandidum were studied to provide theoretical references for the development of processing technologies and large-scale production of Dendrobium candidum. [ Method ] Dendrobium candidum materials were used to discuss the impacts of four dry methods including natural air drying, hot air heating, vacuum drying and vacuum-cold drying on the quality of Den- drobium candidum, such as dendrobium polysaccharides and dendrobine content. [Result ]The results showed that the polysaccharide contents of dry Dendrobium candidum were in the following order from the highest to the lowest： hot air heating, the vacuum drying, the vacuum-cold drying, and the natural air drying. Under the condition of hot air heating, the polysaceharide content was the highest, reaching 31.13%. Under the natural air drying condition, the polysaccharide content of Dendrobium candidum reached 20.72%. Comparison of different drying methods had no much difference in the dendrobine centent. [Conclusion]Dendrobium candidum had high content of effective components under hot air heating, which was proved to be efficient, simple and less energy. Hence, the drying method of hot air heating should be extended in Dendrobium candidum processing enterprises.