海南岛龟鳖资源保护与可持续利用

Conservation and sustainable utilization of turtles at Hainan island

目的海南岛地处热带,具有丰富的龟鳖物种多样性。为了有效保护这一珍贵资源,对该地区龟鳖的多样性、养殖现状及保护管理需求进行总结和讨论。方法根据有关文献和我们的调查结果,从龟鳖多样性、养殖现状、保护和可持续利用的管理等方面进行分析。结果海南岛现有龟鳖6科14属18种,占中国龟鳖的50%,其中有1种野外灭绝,有5种处于极度濒危状态,有11种处于濒危状态;国家一级重点保护的有1种,二级保护的有9种。海南岛是我国龟鳖养殖种类最多、规模最大的地区,有龟鳖养殖户330多户,养殖龟鳖120余种。结论海南岛龟鳖资源丰富,养殖规模巨大。应进一步加强野生龟鳖资源的保护和管理,将龟鳖纳入国家重点保护的野生动物范围,继续开展保护繁育放归活动。同时,从多方面加强龟鳖养殖的产业化发展,促进龟鳖资源的可持续利用。

Objective Hainan island is at the tropic zone and rich in diversity of turtles and tortoises. The diversi- ty, farming and needs of conservation and management of turtles and tortoises were done for the purpose of effec- tive protection of these rare wildlife resources. Methods The species number and threaten status, farming actu- ality,and management of conservation and sustainable use of turtles and tortoises were analyzed based on data col- lected from literatures and our field investigation. Results 18 species belong to 6 families and 14 genus have been recorded in Hainan island （50% of turtles and tortoises in China） ,and of which 1 species was extint in wild, 5 are critically endangered and 11 are endangered,as well as 1 is class 1 national protected wildlife and 9 is class 2 national pretected. The largest farming activities of 120 species turtles and tortoises have been developed at Hainan Island with more than 330 farms. Conclusion Hainan island has rich turtle resources and good farms. The con- servation and management of turtle wild population should be enhanced more. Turtles should be put as the key pro- tected wildlife in national and local reserves,and continued to breed and reintroduce （critically） endangered turtles in wild. On the other side,the local government should industrialize turtle farms to high qualities and promote the sustainable utilization of these resources.