论社会科学研究中的“文化-生物人”假设

The Human Nature Hypothesis of“Cultural Creature”in Social Science Research

以人为根本研究对象的社会科学,必定要以一定的人性假设为前提来展开对人类行为的研究。目前的社会科学研究主要依托于"经济人"和"文化人"假设,二者分别强调人的生物(自然)属性与文化(社会)属性,有一定的解释力,但人也因此被分裂了,因而亟需整合。然而过去简单拼凑的做法是失败的。真正的出路在于:把握和揭示人的两种属性究竟是怎样结合在一起从而对人的行为产生作用的。由此我们提出"文化-生物人"假设,它表明:人的行为,其实是由人的生物性需要和文化性需要通过趋利避害的生物机制而催生出来的;趋利避害的生物机制,就是人的生物性与文化性相互结合而对人的行为产生作用的方式。如果"文化-生物人"假设确实能够将"经济人"和"文化人"假设整合起来,从而恢复一个完整的人,那么"经济学帝国主义"和"社会学帝国主义"就将遭到摧毁,社会科学研究的大同主义则有望实现。

Human being is just the essential object of social science research. At the present, people mainly resort to the two hypotheses of ＂cultural man＂ and ＂economic man＂ which separately empha- size the natural and the cultural human attributes and therefore divide man into two parts,so it＇s nec- essary to integrate them into one. But we failed in the past. The resolution is to grasp and reveal how the two attributes unite and react on each other. To the end,we bring forth the hypothesis of ＂cultural creature＂ which means that man behaves based on its natural and cultural needs according to the natu- ral mechanism of approaching good and avoiding to harm. The new hypothesis of human nature could integrate the other two hypotheses,destroy the ＂imperialism of economics＂ and the ＂imperialism of sociology＂ and therefore make the cosmopolitanism of social science research come into truth.