美国汉学界对孝及《孝经》的研究——兼论海外汉学的研究范式

Study on Filial Piety and Book on Filial Piety by American Sinology: Discussion on Research Paradigm of Sinology Abroad

在中国的传统文化中,孝占有显要位置。孝及总其大成的《孝经》一直是美国汉学家关注的焦点之一。1996年,戴梅可发表《汉代中国的儒孝和个人主义》,从中国文化内部出发,提出儒孝地位的上升、涵盖面的扩大最终导致汉代政权的衰落;1998年,侯思孟发表《孝在古代中国的地位》,在西方文化的背景下考察孝,以文献分析的方法论证了孝在中国早期历史(商至两汉)中的演变,力图就中西文化进行对比。海外汉学的学科背景、问题意识、理论手段等,完完全全是西方的。研究海外汉学应当从西方学术文化的内部出发,对比比较文化的研究理路,审视海外汉学在外国学术体系中的发展历程,对西方学术史进行"外国学"研究。

Filial piety occupies an important position in traditional Chinese culture. Filial piety and Book on Filial Piety have been a focus in studies of American Sinologists. In 1996, Michael Nylan published ＂Con- fucian Piety in Han Dynasty of China and Individualism＂, which is on the base of inside Chinese culture. It claims that Confucian Piety＇s growing role and extensive coverage finally led to the decline of Han Dynasty re- gime. In 1998, Donald Holzman published ＂The Place of Filial Piety in Ancient China＂ in the background of western culture. It uses the method of literature analysis to demonstrate the evolution of filial piety in China＇s early history （Shang Dynasty to Western Hart and Eastern Han Dynasties） and makes comparison between Chi- nese culture and western culture. The education background, problematic consciousness and theoretical method of research on Sinology abroad are totally in western style. The study of Sinology abroad should be based on the inside of western academic culture and in comparison with research logic among cultures. With western theoret- ical framework and terms of discussion, Sinology can be regarded as a branch of western scholarship, which, in turn, calls us to put it back to background of western knowledge in researches.