土地保障功能下集体林地流转的现实困境与制度完善

On the Realistic Predicament and System Perfection of the Transactions of Collective Forestland under the Land Security Function

集体林地有效流转是实现林业规模效益的重要途径,也是深化集体林权制度改革的基本目标。受土地保障功能的制约,集体林地流转面临着流转成本高、流转意愿低和流转过程复杂等困境。造成这一困境的制度根源在于集体林地承包经营权的处分权能受到不当限制、林地承包经营权的收益权能无法充分实现。在目前经济社会条件下,中国应将林地的社会保障功能负载于林地所有权之上,通过立法保障集体林地使用权的处分权能和收益权能的充分实现,为集体林业提供可持续的发展机制,促进集体林地高效流转,并为农村耕地制度改革提供经验借鉴。

The collective forest rights transaction system is an important approach to achieve the economic benefit of forestry scale operation and also the basic goal of deepening the reform of collective forest rights system. Howew er, subject to the restriction of land security function, the collective forestland transaction is facing problems such as the high cost of circulation, low-circulation willingness, complexity of the transfer process and so on. This is the result of the predicament of the system. The contract and management rights of collective forest land are subject to undue restrictions, the usufruct of forest land contract and management rights can＇ t be fully achieved due to not getting the comprehensive safeguards of the law. Under the China＇s current economic and social conditions, China should put the woodland＇ s social security function on forest land ownership, meanwhile make laws to protect the full realization of dispositions and income rights of collective forest land use rights, which lead to efficient transaction of the collective forest rights and provide sustainable development of mechanisms for collective forestry.