论汉武三传及其传人策略的典型意义

On the Typical Meaning of the Three Biographies of Emperor Wu and Strategies of Biography Writing

汉武三传,即指《汉武故事》、《洞冥记》和《汉武内传》,三传为突出汉武帝好神仙的品性,主要采录那些带有明显虚诞性质的求道访仙之事,而通过这些虚诞之事展现出来的汉武帝形象,无疑与历史的真实有相当的距离,具有明显的虚构性特征。汉武三传的这一传人策略值得注意,在汉魏六朝杂传中具有典型意义,而正是这一传人策略的运用,造成了汉魏六朝杂传普遍的小说化倾向,导致唐人传奇生成土壤的形成和条件的成熟,并最终促成传奇小说的兴起。对汉魏六朝杂传传人策略的考察,有助于更加深入地理解与把握汉魏六朝杂传的小说品格以及唐人传奇小说的渊源流变。

The three biographies of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, namely The Story of Emperor Wu, Dong Ming Ji and Biography of Emperor Wu, mainly record some absurd pursuits of Taoism to highlight Emperor Wu＇ s interest in the immortal. However, the image of Emperor Wu presented in the absurd way has an obvious fictional quality, which is rather far from reality. This specific way of writing biographies has a typical meaning in the non- official biographies of Han, Wei and the Six Dynasties because it leads to the fictionalization of these non-official biographies, provides the conditions for the birth of Tang Dynasty＇ s legends, and ultimately contributes to the rise of legendary novels. A survey of the strategies of biography writing in Han, Wei and the Six Dynasties will further our understanding of their fictional feature and the evolvement of legendary novels in Tang Dynasty.