论唯心主义的三种形态

On Three Forms of Idealism

在马克思主义哲学原理教科书中,通常把唯心主义划分为主观唯心主义和客观唯心主义这两种形态。与唯物主义的3种形态相比,两者的划分标准有着明显的差异,前者主要是根据历史发展脉络来划界,后者则是按主观精神和"客观"精神的不同取向来区分。从避免二重标准的划分的角度着眼,将唯心主义划分为古代朴素唯心主义、近代形而上学唯心主义和现代辩证唯心主义这样3种形态,应该更切合马克思主义方法论关于历史性与逻辑性相统一的原则。

Idealism is usually divided into forms of subjective idealism and objective idealism in the textbooks of principles for Marxist Philosophy. Compared with the three forms of materialism, there are significant differences between idealism and materialism. The former is divided according to the sequence of historical development, while, the later, to the different orientation of subjective spirit and objective spirit. To avoid the division of double standards, it will be more relevant to Marxist methodology that is about consistent principles of history, and logic to divide idealism into three forms： ancient simple idealism, early modern metaphysical idealism, and modern dialectical idealism.