论西夏诗

On Xixia Poetry

西夏诗歌主要有诗集五种,除拜寺沟方塔出土的无名氏诗集外,还见于俄藏和英藏黑水城文献,总数近千首,由藏文、汉文、回鹘文、女真文、叙利亚文和西夏文写成,三至七言为主,有自己的章法和规范,其整体建构方式参照《诗经》和汉语格律诗形式。拜寺沟诗集是以西夏学士为主的朝臣写作。《新修太学歌》是政教合一的礼乐作品,可以配乐演唱。大学士梁德养整理的谚语集是我国第一部谚语集,既体现了西周以来谚的古训精神,也发挥了语的成对、说唱、比兴的形式特质。西夏文字的制造得力于佛教的传播,因此关于佛教、民族本源和生存感受记录成为西夏诗歌的主要信息内容。《解释歌义》用牙齿喉舌四音区来考量诗歌合乐规范,明显地继承体现了西周的礼乐制度,也是西夏现存的唯一的以语言为规则的诗学理论著作。

Xixia Poetry is mainly included in five poem collections. Apart from the anonymous poem col- lection excavated from Baisigou Square Tower, it can also be found in the Blackwater City documents stored in Russia and UK, written in Tibetan, Chinese, Uyghur Khaganate language, Nuzhen language, Syri- an and Xixia language. These poems are mainly in the form of three to seven characters, and have their own rules and art of composition in line with the metrical patterns of The Book of Songs and Chinese poems. The poems found in Baisigou Square Tower are mainly composed by the scholar courtiers of Xixia Dynasty. The New Imperial College Poetry is a work of rites and music singing of the unification of the state and the church, and can be sung with music. The proverb collection by Grand Secretary Liang Deyang is China＇s first proverb collection, which not only embodies the spirit of the old proverb since Western Zhou Dynas- ty, but also gives play to language pairs, rap, Bixing form characteristics. As the appearance of Xixia＇s written language benefited from the spreading of Buddhism, content about Buddhism, national origin, liv- ing experience became the major coverage of Xixia poetry. Interpreting Poetry attempts to evaluate the standard of poetry from the four articulation zones in the mouth, apparently following the tradition of the system of rites and music in West Zhou Dynasty,and is the only existing work of poetic theories emphasi- zing phonetic pattern.